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Obstacles often appear unexpectedly in our pathway and these require us to make immediate adjustments. Despite how regularly we encounter such situations only few studies have considered how we adjust to unexpected obstacles in the pathway that require us to walk around them. The authors considered how adults adjust to the possibility of an obstacle appearing and then also how foot placement is adjusted to circumvent an obstacle. Fifteen healthy adults walked down an 11-m walkway, initially they were told this was a clear pathway and nothing in the environment would change (no gate), they then performed a series of trials in which a gate may (gate close) or may not (gate open) partially obstruct their pathway. The authors found that mediolateral trunk velocity and acceleration was significantly increased when there was the possibility of an obstacle but before the obstacle appeared. This demonstrates an adaptive walking strategy that seems to enable healthy young adults to successfully circumvent obstacles. The authors also categorized foot placement adjustments and found that adults favored making shorter and wider steps away from the obstacle. They suggest this combination of adjustments allows participants to maintain stability while successfully circumventing the obstacle. 相似文献
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本文是作者“儒学与西方文明”座谈会上的发言稿。作者认为,只有站在当今世界文明的高端.从中华民族今天的辉煌着眼。才能够把握儒家历史演进的全部意义和基本精神。各种文化形态的碰撞和交流。并没有扼杀以儒家为代表的民族精神,倒为我们提供了重新审视传统的良机。儒家以人为本的价值观。有久经历史考验的传统积累,不但应该在当前的国内发挥作用,而且有充分的理由影响世界。面对国内外基督教学术界提出的“孔耶”互补互利论、“文化神学”等种种论点,大陆的儒学界应该充分发挥学术的优势。为儒学的创新开辟新的局面。 相似文献
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Previous evidence with English beginning readers suggests that some orthographic effects, such as the orthographic neighborhood density effects, could be stronger for children than for adults. Particularly, children respond more accurately to words with many orthographic neighbors than to words with few neighbors. The magnitude of the effects for children is much higher than for adults, and some researchers have proposed that these effects could be progressively modulated according to reading expertise. The present paper explores in depth how children from 1st to 6th grade perform a lexical decision with words that are from dense or sparse orthographic neighborhoods, attending not only to accuracy measures, but also to response latencies, through a computer-controlled task. Our results reveal that children (like adults) show clear neighborhood density effects, and that these effects do not seem to depend on reading expertise. Contrarily to previous claims, the present work shows that orthographic neighborhood effects are not progressively modulated by reading skill. Further, these data strongly support the idea of a general language-independent preference for using the lexical route instead of grapheme-to-phoneme conversions, even in beginning readers. The implications of these results for developmental models in reading and for models in visual word recognition and orthographic encoding are discussed. 相似文献
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本研究采用测验法,随机抽取60名42-93个月的儿童为被试,考察他们基于愿望的特质因果理解能力。结果显示:(1)从42个月起,儿童就可以根据特质信息进行行为预测和情绪预测,且随年龄增长,预测水平有显著提高;(2)儿童理解愿望的主观性是儿童进行情绪预测的前提。 相似文献
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IAT范式下自尊内隐性的再证明 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
该研究用IAT测量了被试的内隐自尊,并通过操纵被试在不同的认知负荷条件下进行外显自我评价来考察外显自我评价和内隐自尊之间的关系。得到的结论是,在低认知负荷条件下进行外显自我评价时,外显自我评价和内隐自尊没有表现出一致性;在高认知负荷条件下进行外显自我评价时,外显自我评价和内隐自尊表现出一致性。该研究在IAT范式下表明了内隐自尊和外显自尊的分离,内隐自尊具有无意识性和自动化的特点。 相似文献
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2009年10月23日至26日,由中国逻辑学会主办的“纪念中国逻辑学会成立30周年大会”在四川成都隆重举行。本次会议由四川省逻辑学会、四川大学成人教育学院、四川大学公共管理学院、西南财经大学人文学院以及绵阳师范学院文学与传播学院等5家单位承办,北京大学、清华大学等17家单位参与协办。本次会议盛况空前,来自全国的近200余位逻辑学界的专家、学者相聚蓉城,畅谈中国逻辑学研究30年发展的历程。 相似文献