宗教的起源:适应或偶然?

如果把宗教视作一种和生物进化类似的自然现象,那么它就应该有起源和发展的过程。近年来,探索这个意义上的宗教起源已经成为了进化心理学等认知科学领域的一个研究方向。一部分科学家认为,宗教可能是作为促进了人的生存和繁殖机会的一种适应,在自然选择的过程中进化了出来。另一部分科学家则认为宗教是意识进化的一个副产品。或者,宗教的起源是适应和副产品的综合产物。     

Human Dignity as an Existentiale? On Paul Ricoeur’s Phenomenology of Human Dignity

Human Studies - Apart from being a pervasive concept of present-day law, human dignity is a phenomenon regularly experienced by people in their lives. Yet before any protection for it can be...     

Compromised item detection: A Bayesian change-point perspective

Psychometric methods for accurate and timely detection of item compromise have been a long-standing topic. While Bayesian methods can incorporate prior knowledge or expert inputs as additional information for item compromise detection, they have not been employed in item compromise detection itself. The current study proposes a two-phase Bayesian change-point framework for both stationary and real-time detection of changes in each item's compromise status. In Phase I, a stationary Bayesian change-point model for compromise detection is fitted to the observed responses over a specified time-frame. The model produces parameter estimates for the change-point of each item from uncompromised to compromised, as well as structural parameters accounting for the post-change response distribution. Using the post-change model identified in Phase I, the Shiryaev procedure for sequential testing is employed in Phase II for real-time monitoring of item compromise. The proposed methods are evaluated in terms of parameter recovery, detection accuracy, and detection efficiency under various simulation conditions and in a real data example. The proposed method also showed superior detection accuracy and efficiency compared to the cumulative sum procedure.     

The Cost of Being Christian: The Association between Christian Affiliation and Discrimination Experiences among Asians in the United States

Whether religion contributes to or mitigates social inequality is ongoing. This study provides new evidence by examining the association between Christian affiliation and Asian citizens’ discrimination experiences. Using data from the National Asian American Survey and employing the Inverse Probability Treatment Weighting approach, this study finds that having a Christian affiliation is significantly associated with more interpersonal discrimination experienced by Asians in the United States. Strengthened ethnic identity and intraracial contact largely explain the association. Results from several robustness tests confirm this finding. There is a cost of being Christian for Asians in the United States.     

No Place for Private Practice

Topoi - Wittgenstein harshly criticized what he considered “mythologies” infecting our understanding of how mathematics work. He was especially reluctant to the idea that they describe...     

小鼠的记忆与脑内突触结构参数变化的相关性

比较不同月龄小鼠学习记忆力与脑内突触结构参数变化的相关性。选用１月龄和６月龄小鼠,用Ｙ－迷宫检测分辨学习能力,用一次性被动回避反应检测记忆力。然后杀鼠取脑,进行超微结构观察和定量分析测定。结果表明：（１）１月龄小鼠的分辨学习能力优于６月龄小鼠,记忆力也有优于６月龄小鼠的趋势。（２）无论在海马或大脑皮层体区,有两种结构参数有一致性增龄变化,即６月龄小鼠突触界面曲率都比１月龄小鼠显著和极显著增大;而６月龄小鼠上述两脑区的突触后致密物质厚度都极显著地小于１月龄小鼠。实验结果提示,脑内突触界面结构的增龄性变化可能是学习记忆力增龄性变化的结构基础。     

测评中的共同方法偏差

共同方法变异是指由于测量方法而非所测构想造成的变异。共同方法变异会对测评和测评间的相关产生严重影响,甚至会使研究导致错误结论。本文介绍了学界对共同方法偏差的研究,内容包括：(1)共同方法偏差在多大程度上和以何种方式影响测评研究结果;(2)共同方法偏差的潜在来源及其程序控制。     

国外外群体同质性效应研究述评

外群体同质性是刻板印象研究的一个特例,它是指人们倾向于认为外群体成员比内群体成员具有更加固定、刻板的特征,成员间具有更多的相似性和更少的变异性。目前国外外群体同质性效应研究具有以下几个特点:研究对象更为广泛;测量方法多样化;注重对机制的探讨;关注中介变量。     

医学教育思想变革要顺应新的医学模式转变

医学模式是一种医学教育观念、教育方法、管理方式和医学人才教育的基础,顺应新的医学模式转变是医学教育改革成功的前提。搞好医学教育改革应变革旧的思想观念,适应现代社会发展对医学提出的更高要求,改变生物医学模式下的“病”与“人”的分离,重视生物致病因素,忽视心理、社会因素对健康的影响等缺陷。