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271.
Lisa M. McAndrew Rachel F. Held Bhavna Abbi Karen S. Quigley Drew A. Helmer Radhika V. Pasupuleti 《Military psychology》2013,25(1):74-81
The presence of multiple comorbid conditions is common after combat deployment and complicates treatment. A potential treatment approach is to target shared mechanisms across conditions that maintain poorer health-related quality of life (HRQOL). One such mechanism may be decrements in pleasurable activities. Impairment in pleasurable activities frequently occurs after deployment and may be associated with poorer HRQOL. In this brief report, we surveyed 126 veterans who had previously sought an assessment at a Veterans Affairs postdeployment health clinic and assessed pleasurable activities, HRQOL, and postdeployment health symptoms. Forty-three percent of veterans met our criteria for all 3 postdeployment conditions (posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and chronic widespread physical symptoms). Greater engagement in pleasurable activities was associated with better HRQOL for all veterans regardless of type or level of postdeployment health symptoms. Future research should study if interventions that encourage veterans with postdeployment health conditions to engage in pleasurable activities are effective rehabilitation strategies. 相似文献
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274.
Barbara W. Boat Erica Pearl Jaclyn E. Barnes Linda Richey Denise Crouch Drew Barzman 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(7):812-819
This retrospective study compared frequencies of aggressive behaviors and abuse histories noted during a psychiatric intake assessment for children where animal cruelty was endorsed and a control sample of youth for whom animal cruelty was not endorsed to determine if rates of concerning behaviors differed significantly. Relative to the control group, the cruelty group was significantly more likely to have had problems with peers, perpetrated bullying, experienced sexual abuse, and have a history of sexually acting out. Recommendations for childhood animal cruelty screening in mental health settings are discussed. 相似文献
275.
To address the mixed results reported in previous studies, the present experiments examined forgetting in prospective memory
(PM) by manipulating the delay between the PM instructions and cue presentation in event-based PM tasks. PM performance was
measured for delays of 2–20 min in Experiment 1 and for delays of approximately 1–10 min in Experiment 2. Experiment 2 included both focal and nonfocal PM tasks, and speed on the ongoing task was measured to examine evidence for monitoring
processes across the delays tested. The results suggest that nonfocal PM performance follows a nonlinear forgetting function
(i.e., rapid decline for shorter delays and slower decline for longer delays) when tested over delays from 1 to 20 min. No
effect of delay was seen for the focal task tested in Experiment 2 from 1 to 10 min. In Experiment 2, ongoing-task costs were also found for the first delay but not for longer delays, suggesting that monitoring was significantly
reduced between 1 and 2.5 min of the ongoing-task trials. 相似文献
276.
Vladimir Lefebvre proposed an algebraic model of self-reflexion in the 1980s. He viewed reflexion as a product of the structure and computational rules of Gamma algebra and his equations are considered metaphors for how consciousness is structured. From the framework of this model, Lefebvre hypothesized an asymmetry in human cognition. One of the early studies supporting his model was conducted by Victorina Lefebvre. Over the years, other studies have been conducted, but not all have shown similar support as the original findings of Victorina Lefebvre. This study attempted to extend her findings in testing whether or not other ambiguous stimuli could be used in support of the model. 相似文献
277.
Wagman JB Abney DH 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2012,38(3):589-602
An important step in developing a theory of calibration is establishing what it is that participants become calibrated to as a result of feedback. Three experiments used a transfer of calibration paradigm to investigate this issue. In particular, these experiments investigated whether recalibration of perception of length transferred from audition to dynamic (i.e., kinesthetic) touch when objects were grasped at one end (Experiment 1), when objects were grasped at one end and when they were grasped at a different location (i.e., the middle) (Experiment 2), and when false (i.e., inflated) feedback was provided about object length (Experiment 3). In all three experiments, there was a transfer of recalibration of perception of length from audition to dynamic touch when feedback was provided on perception by audition. Such results suggest that calibration is not specific to a particular perceptual modality and are also consistent with previous research that perception of object length by audition and dynamic touch are each constrained by the object's mechanical properties. 相似文献
278.
Mickes L Walker DE Parris JL Mankoff R Christenfeld NJ 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2012,19(1):108-112
It has often been asserted, by both men and women, that men are funnier. We explored two possible explanations for such a
view, first testing whether men, when instructed to be as funny as possible, write funnier cartoon captions than do women,
and second examining whether there is a tendency to falsely remember funny things as having been produced by men. A total
of 32 participants, half from each gender, wrote captions for 20 cartoons. Raters then indicated the humor success of these
captions. Raters of both genders found the captions written by males funnier, though this preference was significantly stronger
among the male raters. In the second experiment, male and female participants were presented with the funniest and least funny
captions from the first experiment, along with the caption author’s gender. On a memory test, both females and males disproportionately
misattributed the humorous captions to males and the nonhumorous captions to females. Men might think men are funnier because
they actually find them so, but though women rated the captions written by males slightly higher, our data suggest that they
may regard men as funnier more because they falsely attribute funny things to them. 相似文献
279.
280.
Objectification theory explicates a model in which women are socialized to view their own bodies as objects to be evaluated. In the current study, we used a 2 (self-objectification condition: swimsuit versus sweater)?×?2 (gender) factorial design to examine whether body-related thoughts continued after women were removed from a self-objectifying situation. Results showed that, compared to participants in the other three groups, women in the self-objectification condition listed more body-related thoughts during a free response task given after they had re-dressed. The amount of shame experienced during self-objectification mediated the relationship between self-objectification condition and lingering body-related thoughts. This study adds to the understanding of how the process of self-objectification works to maintain women’s focus on their appearance. 相似文献