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991.
In American industry, job transfer has been a common technique for staffing organizations and cross-training employees. Increasingly, employees have become reluctant to accept job transfers because of the potential for disruptions to their personal and family lives. In response, applied researchers have attempted to identify reliable employee reactions to job transfers. Empirical results have been inconsistent, however. These inconsistencies may be due, in part, to differences in the measurement of transfer and job types studied, and to a general atheoretical orientation. In this study, these two methodological problems were resolved empirically. Although a formal theory was not proposed, the concept of career stage showed promise as a new research direction. Implications are discussed.We thank Marilyn Gist, Terry Mitchell and Craig Pinder for comments on earlier drafts. Partial support for this study was provided by the National Park Service, Cooperative Park Studies Unit, University of Washington. 相似文献
992.
993.
Dr. Albert Ellis 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》1994,12(2):101-119
The rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) theory holds that individuals with severe personality disorders in general, and
borderline personalities in particular usually are biologically different from “normal” neurotics and are born with a predisposition
to be highly vulnerable to stressful environmental conditions. They tend to have cognitive, emotional, and behavioral deficits
or disabilities that handicap them socially, vocationally, and in other important aspects of their lives. But they also have
distinct, and sometimes exceptionally strong, neurotic tendencies to demand that they absolutely must perform well, that other
people have to treat them kindly and fairly, and that frustrating conditions ought not exist. Their neurosis exacerbates their
cognitive-emotive-behavioral handicaps, produces even greater life difficulties, and often interferes with their working hard
at therapy. A summary is presented of how borderline personalities can be treated with rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). 相似文献
994.
A model based on McClelland's theory of human motivation was proposed in which motive incentives mediated the relationship between motive level (n Power, n Affiliation and n Achievement) and product involvement. This hypothesis was tested with 142 college students. Results indicate that power motive incentives successfully mediated the relationship between power motive level and product involvement for the expensive car and interview clothing conditions. Affiliation motive incentives mediated the relationship between affiliation motive level and involvement for greeting cards but not gifts. The two achievement products (scientific calculator and computer manual) failed to meet most of the criteria for mediation.Laura Schmidt is a psychology doctoral student and Irene Frieze is a professor of psychology and business administration at the University of Pittsburgh. This paper was based on the Master's thesis of the first author.We would like to thank S. Golin and Audrey Murrell for their helpful suggestions on this project. 相似文献
995.
This paper examines the concept of ‘openness with patients’ from the stand-point of the limitations of biomedical ethics.
Initially we review contemporary critiques of bioethics and, in particular, of principlism; we relate how other; somewhat
neglected, forms of medical ethics can yield useful information and provide moral guidance.
The main section of the paper then shows how a bioethical approach to openness misses the social context in our example, the
viewpoints of patients; we present some of the increasing wealth of research evidence which points towards patients wanting
more information and a greater degree of openness.
Finally we put forward that a principlist’s objection to active encouragement of openness might be based on the risk of infringing
upon the ‘right not to know’. We reject this by arguing how rights can be trumped.
Dr. Anthony S. Kessel, BSc, MBBS, Mphil, MSc, is a general practitioner, medical ethicist and currently specialist registrar
(Barking & Havering Health Authority)/Honorary lecturer in public health medicine in the Epidemiology Unit, London School
of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. 相似文献
996.
Videotape modeling for preschool children with low levels of social interaction and low peer involvement in play 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This research evaluated a videotape modeling intervention for six preschool children who showed low levels of social involvement with peers in natural free-play settings. Observations across 14 weeks gave frequency and topographic data on social interactions and assessment of social involvement in play using the Parten Scale. Simultaneous observation of three children gave data on two comparison children for each target child. A multiple-baseline across-subjects design was used with two data analysis strategies. Averaged group data showed statistically significant increases in both interactions and social involvement in play. Visual analysis of the single-subject data, however, indicated no clear treatment outcome for two children, while four subjects showed a variable increase in social responding after viewing the modeling videotape. Session-by-session variability was a feature of the interaction rate measure for comparison children and for posttreatment phase data for target subjects.This research was supported by Grant No. 62-262-98 from the Mental Health Foundation of New Zealand and by University of Otago Research Committee Grant No. 37-877. Grateful acknowledgment is extended to Dan McKerracher and Ted Glynn for valued comments at various stages of the research. Appreciation is extended to the teachers and children of the Dunedin Free Kindergartens who participated in the study. 相似文献
997.
Dr. Robert J. Mislevy 《Psychometrika》1984,49(3):359-381
Consider vectors of item responses obtained from a sample of subjects from a population in which ability is distributed with densityg(), where the are unknown parameters. Assuming the responses depend on through a fully specified item response model, this paper presents maximum likelihood equations for the estimation of the population parameters directly from the observed responses; i.e., without estimating an ability parameter for each subject. Also provided are asymptotic standard errors and tests of fit, computing approximations, and details of four special cases: a non-parametric approximation, a normal solution, a resolution of normal components, and a beta-binomial solution.The author would like to thank R. Darrell Bock for his comments, suggestions, and encouragement during the course of this work. 相似文献
998.
Dr. C. J. Skinner 《Psychometrika》1984,49(3):383-390
Multivariate selection can be represented as a linear transformation in a geometric framework. This approach has led to considerable simplification in the study of the effects of selection on factor analysis. In this note this approach is extended to describe the effects of selection on regression analysis and to adjust for the effects of selection using the inverse of the linear transformation. 相似文献
999.
Dr. Paul M. Bernstein Ph.D. Nemour M. Landaiche M.S.Ed. 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1992,22(1):5-19
Client resistance in psychotherapy although a healthy, expected and necessary phenomenon, may lead to an impasse when left unmanaged. Resistance takes numerous forms and occurs under many circumstances, but always for the purpose of client protection against the threat of change. Defensiveness and client rigidity lessen when the therapists provides a psychologically safe framework. The degree of client resistance varies in proportion to perceived danger and must be therapeutically confronted so as to enable the client to achieve flexible defensiveness and balance. 相似文献
1000.
Dr. Roger B. Cook M.A. 《Journal of Near-Death Studies》1992,10(4):193-204
I suggest in this paper that Jesus Christ was not clinically dead but in a deep coma when he was taken down from the cross. He was revided by Joseph of Arimathea, who was permitted to take Jesus's body into his care. By Pentecost, seven weeks later, Jesus had finally recovered from his wounds, and his reappearance convinced his followers that he was the Son of God. I suggest that the Resurrection was not a physical happening, but a near-death experience. As such, it was totally real to Christ himself, and it also confirmed his belief that he could, by proxy, discharge humanity's sins.Roger B. Cook, M.A., was until 1991 a lecturer at the Open University, Milton Keynes, England. 相似文献