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61.
Dr. Ruth L. Fischbach Ph.D. Diane C. Gilbert C.R.A. 《Science and engineering ethics》1995,1(4):389-402
We propose that institutions consider establishing a position of “Ombudsman for Research Practice”. This person would assume several roles: as asounding board to those needing confidential consultation about research issues — basic, applied or clinical; as afacilitator for those wishing to pursue a formal grievance process; and as aneducator to distribute guidelines and standards, to raise the consciousness regarding sloppy or irregular practices in order to prevent misconduct and to promote the responsible conduct of research. While there are compelling features to this position, many complex issues need to be considered and resolved. We invite readers to respond to questions we raise in the text. 相似文献
62.
Dr. Andrew N. Rowan 《Science and engineering ethics》1995,1(2):181-184
Conclusion The past one hundred fifty years of debate over the use of animals in research and testing has been characterized mainly byad hominem attacks and on uncritical rejection of the other sides’ arguments. In the classroom, it is important to avoid repeating exercises
in public relations and to demand sound scholarship.
This paper is a modification of material originally included in the handbook which accompanied the American Association for
the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Seminar “Teaching Ethics in Science and Engineering”, 10–11 February 1993. 相似文献
63.
Garte SJ 《Science and engineering ethics》1995,1(1):59-70
Historically, scientists in training have learned the rules of ethical conduct by the example of their advisors and other
senior scientists and by practice. This paper is intended to serve as a guide for the beginning scientist to some fundamental
principles of scientific research ethics. The paper focuses less on issues of outright dishonesty or fraud, and more on the
positive aspects of ethical scientific behavior; in other words, what a scientist should do to maintain a high level of ethical
conduct in research.
There are a number of fairly specific rules, guidelines, or commonly accepted operating principles that have evolved for the
ethical conduct of science. In order to discuss this code of ethics, this paper is divided into sections dealing with specific
areas of scientific ethics. These areas are: data collection and storage, ownership of data, confidentiality, communication,
authorship, collaboration, the peer review system, and rules of dealing with ethical complaints. Illustrative case histories
are presented to provide examples of the type of ethical dispute or problem being discussed. If scientific trainees learn
the accepted rules of behavior that govern the conduct of science, ethical problems that arise out of ignorance, misunderstanding,
or poor communication can be avoided. 相似文献
64.
Dr. David M. Fergusson L. John Horwood Michael T. Lynskey 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1994,22(3):339-354
The correlations and comorbidities of a series of adolescent problem behaviors were studied in a sample of 739 New Zealand 15-year-olds. This analysis revealed the presence of strong comorbidities between different problem behaviors. The data were modeled using methods of unrestricted latent class analysis and this suggested that the best fitting model to describe the data was one which assumed that adolescent problem behaviors were described by four general classes of children. While the same general four-class model applied to males and females, there were marked gender differences in the rates of problems. Specifically, the predominant problem behaviors in females were those relating to an accelerated transition to adulthood marked by early sexual activity, alcohol abuse, and cannabis use whereas the predominant problems for boys were related to antisocial and law-breaking behaviors. Rates of children with no problems (85%) and with multiple problems (3%) were similar for boys and girls.This research was funded by grants from the Health Research Council of New Zealand, the Canterbury Medical Research Foundation, and the National Child Health Research Foundation. 相似文献
65.
Dr. Heino F. L. Meyer-Bahlburg David E. Sandberg Curtis L. Dolezal Thomas J. Yager 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1994,22(6):643-660
Parent-report based scales for the assessment of sex-dimorphic behavior are an important tool in research on psychosexual differentiation and its disorders. This paper presents the factor analysis and corresponding scale development for the slightly expanded Child Game Participation Questionnaire (Bates & Bentler, 1973), based on the parents of a demographically diverse school sample of 355 girls and 333 boys aged 6 to 10 years. Evidence supporting each of three theoretical positions in gender assessment — unidimensional bipolar, two-dimensional unipolar, and multidimensional — was provided. Effect sizes were unusually large for gender, but small for age, socioeconomic level, and race/ethnicity.This research was supported in part by a NICHD postdoctoral fellowship (NRSA HD06726; sponsor: Dr. Meyer-Bahlburg) awarded to Dr. Sandberg, by grants to Dr. Ehrhardt and Dr. Meyer-Bahlburg from the Spencer Foundation, the William T. Grant Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and NIMH (center grant 2-P50-MH43520, Anke A. Ehrhardt, Ph.D., Principal Investigator), and by the NIMH Clinical Research Center grant MH-30906.We thank the children and parents who participated in the study. Dr. Jacob Cohen consulted on statistical matters. Ms. Patricia Connolly provided word processing services. A portion of this work was presented as a poster at the XIth Biennial Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development, Minneapolis, Minnesota, July 3–7, 1991 (Abstracts, p. 285). 相似文献
66.
67.
Dr. Seth Aronson Psy.D. 《Group》1994,18(3):133-140
This paper describes a format for group intervention with children of parents with AIDS. Therapeutic factors specific to group work with these children and special issues regarding AIDS are discussed. The stages of development of such groups are outlined, with particular attention paid to themes of grief and loss. Suggestions for future work in this area are given. 相似文献
68.
Dr. phil Marie-Luise Conen Diplom-Psychologist 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1994,16(3):215-229
The author describes some of the effects of decades of life under a dictatorship for East Germans and the effects on family life and family therapy of changes following the recent reunification of Germany. A case example illustrates some intergenerational family problems associated with the changes. Contrasts are drawn between East and West Germany and family therapy's present stage of development is depicted in both parts of the reunified country. Germany has approximately 10,000 trained family therapists, a minority of whom work in private practice. The largest amount of family and couples therapy is performed in agencies.Portions of this material were first presented in a poster session at the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy annual conference in Miami Beach, 1992. 相似文献
69.
The MRG was published 1988 in order to support developments in group psychotherapy methods as one of the all too few process observation research methods for studying group-as-a-whole. After 9 years of what pilot studies have labeled successful clinical trials, this study aims at validating the MRG against the established SAVI: Structural Analysis of Verbal Interaction (Agazarian & Simon 1989). Videotaped group sessions from short-term groups for alcohol dependent patients conducted along two therapy methods, one behaviorally oriented and the other group analytic, are used as material. The MRG is validated in the study, confirmed to be clinically valuable, and some interesting comparisons between the two treatment modalities are also made. 相似文献
70.
Dr. Walter Toman PhD 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1996,18(3):385-392
The author presents an argument for tolerance, mutual understanding and reconciliation in psychotherapy, instead of a continued emphasis of schools. Psychotherapists' work with clients is proposed as a likely area for mutual understanding, rather than continued emphasis on their particular theories and academic matters. Psychotherapeutic intervision groups in which a small number of therapists voluntarily discuss their cases with peers from various backgrounds have become increasingly common again in recent years.Slightly revised version of a presentation made at the Georgetown Family Center Symposium in November 1995. 相似文献