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181.
PD Dr. med. habil. Cornelia Albani Michael Geyer Horst Kächele Dan Pokorny 《Psychotherapeut》2003,48(6):388-402
Zusammenfassung Die Veränderung pathogenetisch bedeutsamer Beziehungsmuster gilt als wesentliches psychotherapeutisches Behandlungsziel. Um zielgerichtete Veränderungen von Beziehungsstrukturen zu erreichen, bedarf es sowohl einer Diagnostik und Beschreibung solcher Beziehungsmuster, einer darauf zielenden Behandlungstechnik als auch einer Verlaufskontrolle und Evaluation der angestrebten Veränderungen. Nach einem Überblick über verschiedene Methoden zur Erfassung von Beziehungsmustern wird die Methode des Zentralen-Beziehungskonflikt-Themas (ZBKT) von Luborsky näher beschrieben; ausgewählte Ergebnisse der ZBKT-Forschung werden dargestellt und die Methode kritisch bewertet.
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Cornelia AlbaniEmail: |
182.
This article focuses mainly on (1) the policy of Delft University of Technology since 1992 as regards the university-wide
introduction of a compulsory course on ethics and engineering, and (2) the ideal structure of such a course, including the
educational goals of the course.
Dr. G. J. Scheurwater is Senior policy-advisor to the Board of Delft University of Technology.
Prof. S. J. Doorman is Chairman of the Advisory Committee on Ethics of Delft University of Technology. 相似文献
183.
Biomedicine is a global enterprise constructed upon the belief in the universality of scientific truths. However, despite
huge scientific advances over recent decades it has not been able to formulate a specific and universal definition of death:
In fact, in its attempt to redefine death, the concept of death appears to have become immersed in ever increasing vagueness
and ambiguity. Even more worrisome is that bioethics, in the form of principlism, is also endeavouring to become a global
enterprise by claiming neutrality. It appears that the discourse within both disciplines have similarly manipulated the boundaries
of death to include the “dying”. This paper argues that the redefinition of death debate in biomedicine reveals a concept
of personhood which is profoundly western in origin and which is in accordance to the concept adhered to within principlism.
Biomedicine and bioethics do not appear to acknowledge the limitations of their own world view and hence lack an understanding
of their applicability and appropriateness in diverse social and cultural contexts; a situation which adds credence to claims
as to the hegemonic and imperialistic nature of all such global enterprises.
Ms. Jones is an intensive care clinical nursing specialist.
Dr. Kessel is a public health physician and medical ethicist. 相似文献
184.
185.
Eileen L. Cooley Amber L. Garcia 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2012,40(4):216-226
This study examined ethnic differences in attachment styles and depression among African American and European American college women. African American women reported less favorable views of others, which suggests that attachment styles emphasizing caution in relationships may be normative and adaptive for these women. There were no differences between groups in views of self or reports of depressive symptoms. Implications for long‐term relationships and counseling are discussed. Este estudio examinó las diferencias étnicas en estilos de apego y depresión entre estudiantes universitarias Afroamericanas y Euroamericanas. Las mujeres Afroamericanas expresaron una visión menos favorable sobre los demás, lo que sugiere que los estilos de apego que enfatizan la precaución en las relaciones pueden ser normativos para estas mujeres, y el resultado de su adaptación. No hubo diferencias entre los grupos en cuanto a la visión de sí mismas o expresión de síntomas depresivos. Se discuten las implicaciones para las relaciones a largo plazo y la consejería. 相似文献
186.
Although it is assumed both by healthcare professionals as well as by public opinion that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is widely overdiagnosed, so far there is little empirical evidence to support this presumption. However, the presented study shows clear evidence for an overdiagnosis of ADHD. Furthermore, the data demonstrate that based on identical symptoms, boys more often receive a diagnosis for ADHD than girls. A false ADHD diagnosis also correlates with a recommendation for medical and psychotherapeutic treatment. One explanation for misdiagnosis is the fact that therapists in the course of diagnosis, as with other everyday decision-making processes, are influenced by heuristics. The most common heuristics that can lead to misdiagnosis are the representativeness heuristic and the availability heuristic. Such mistakes could be avoided by clearly following diagnostic criteria and the use of structural interviews. 相似文献
187.
Standard interventions, such as antidepressive medication or psychotherapy, show only medium effect sizes in the reduction of depressive symptomatology. In addition, medication has problematic and not well accepted side-effects therefore it seems reasonable to look for alternative, cost-effective, easily available treatments which show no side-effects. A large number of studies have demonstrated similar neurophysiological effects of sport as antidepressants or psychotherapies but the crucial question remains unanswered: does sport show antidepressive effects by alleviating depressive symptomatology? Some randomized, controlled studies and all available recent meta-analysis addressing this question are reviewed. This review concludes that randomized control trials including sport activities have similar positive effect sizes as psychotherapy or antidepressant studies. The pre-post effects are in the medium to high range. Such a conclusion is jeopardized by a limited number of methodolically sound studies. It is too early to make evidence-based recommendations about the antidepressive effect of sport. Currently, it can only be speculated about moderators and mechanisms mediating outcome. 相似文献
188.
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang U. Eckart 《Psychotherapeut》2012,57(2):131-136
The mental effects of globalization, the economic crisis and unemployment must not be underestimated. In general they have to be looked upon as a complex system of structural traumatization which is causing severe psychological mental disorders, such as depression. Not only that, a psychotherapist has to pay particular attention to this. More than in physical illnesses the psychotherapist has to be solidly united with the patient, which might also result in political action. 相似文献
189.
On the discussion about sexual internet activities, the professional and public discourses have been strongly polarized for a long time. Currently the trend is that online sexuality is to be seen in a differentiated and empirical manner. Next to undesired (e.g. assault by internet platform) or indirect (e.g. due to excessive pornography use by partners) confrontations with online sexuality, there is a broad spectrum of self-initiated sexual use of the internet. These are, for example reception of information sites, exchange of experiences, utilization of online sexual consultation and romantic relationships. On the other hand clinically relevant problems could accompany sexual internet use, such as cybersex addiction. Because of the mediatization in society ambulant patients in the psychotherapeutic practice are more informed about sexual internet use. For psychotherapists it is important to know the internet-specific details and the potential risks and chances for sexual behavior in order to know how to deal with the situation and if necessary to integrate the internet into the spectrum of web-based sexual therapeutic options. 相似文献
190.
Prof. Dr. Franziska Lamott 《Psychotherapeut》2012,57(2):161-166
On the basis of Hanekes film The piano player (2001) from the novel by Elfriede Jelinek, the following questions will be examined: 1. Which forms of violence and sadism under the pretext of love can dominate the relationship between mother and daughter? What effects do these more or less visible violent acts have on the development of the adolescent daughter? 3. How can these experiences be repeated in her life as an adult woman and find expression in perverse reenactments? 相似文献