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141.
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Dr. Leonard Horwitz Ph.D. 《Group》1993,17(2):67-69
This commentary is on an article published inGROUP,16(4), 1992. 相似文献
144.
Dr Laraine Mcdonough 《The British journal of developmental psychology》1999,17(3):381-402
The abilities of 7.5-month-old infants to recall the location of hidden objects after delays averaging 90 seconds were investigated in three experiments. Various kinds of events were introduced during the delays in order to examine the stability of early location memory. Recall, as shown by reaching towards the correct location, was most clearly found when the infants were allowed either to remain seated facing the hiding locations (Expt 1) or were turned around and immediately re-seated (Expt 2) during the delays. In both experiments, the infants’ attention was diverted from the hiding places, but during all or most of the delay the infants were facing the locations. Recall was dampened when infants were removed from the immediate location of the hiding and engaged in other activities such as looking at a picture during the delay (Expt 3). Further analyses indicated an effect for age that coincides with other research on location memory: evidence for recall was more clearly found for the older, but not the younger, 7-month-olds. 相似文献
145.
Drenth PJ;All European Academies 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(1):13-21
Science is not taken for granted any longer. Society, politics and the media pose critical questions tending to censorship or at least control of science. How does science respond? It cannot exist and develop without freedom, but this does not mean freedom to amass knowledge and apply technological applications at any price and without restrictions. Science should be autonomous, but is not value-free. A distintion is made between external and internal social/ethical problems. The former refer to questions of the social/ethical context and consequences of scientific research, and the latter to the rules of ‘good practice’ and scientific integrity. The role of academies of science, and of associations of such academies (e.g. All European Academies (ALLEA)) in developing codes of good scientific practice and fostering a proper sense of scientific values and standards is further discussed. 相似文献
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147.
Florian Hintz Antje S. Meyer Falk Huettig 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2016,69(6):1056-1063
Many studies have shown that a supportive context facilitates language comprehension. A currently influential view is that language production may support prediction in language comprehension. Experimental evidence for this, however, is relatively sparse. Here we explored whether encouraging prediction in a language production task encourages the use of predictive contexts in an interleaved comprehension task. In Experiment 1a, participants listened to the first part of a sentence and provided the final word by naming aloud a picture. The picture name was predictable or not predictable from the sentence context. Pictures were named faster when they could be predicted than when this was not the case. In Experiment 1b the same sentences, augmented by a final spill-over region, were presented in a self-paced reading task. No difference in reading times for predictive versus non-predictive sentences was found. In Experiment 2, reading and naming trials were intermixed. In the naming task, the advantage for predictable picture names was replicated. More importantly, now reading times for the spill-over region were considerable faster for predictive than for non-predictive sentences. We conjecture that these findings fit best with the notion that prediction in the service of language production encourages the use of predictive contexts in comprehension. Further research is required to identify the exact mechanisms by which production exerts its influence on comprehension. 相似文献
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149.
Although it is assumed both by healthcare professionals as well as by public opinion that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is widely overdiagnosed, so far there is little empirical evidence to support this presumption. However, the presented study shows clear evidence for an overdiagnosis of ADHD. Furthermore, the data demonstrate that based on identical symptoms, boys more often receive a diagnosis for ADHD than girls. A false ADHD diagnosis also correlates with a recommendation for medical and psychotherapeutic treatment. One explanation for misdiagnosis is the fact that therapists in the course of diagnosis, as with other everyday decision-making processes, are influenced by heuristics. The most common heuristics that can lead to misdiagnosis are the representativeness heuristic and the availability heuristic. Such mistakes could be avoided by clearly following diagnostic criteria and the use of structural interviews. 相似文献
150.
Lore Willem Patricia Bijttebier Laurence Claes Antje Uytterhaegen 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2012,34(2):282-292
The present study investigated the associations between temperamental reactivity, drinking motives, alcohol consumption and
alcohol-related consequences. Furthermore, it investigated whether drinking motives mediate the relations between temperamental
reactivity and the alcohol use variables. The sample consisted of 188 adolescents (64.9% boys) between the ages of 13–20 years
(M
age
= 16.9, SD = 1.32). Results revealed that the temperament factors of high BAS fun seeking and high negative affectivity were related
to alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences respectively. Furthermore, high social and enhancement motives and
low conformity motives were associated with alcohol consumption, whereas high coping-depression motives were associated with
alcohol-related consequences. Finally, the relation between BAS fun seeking and alcohol consumption was mediated by enhancement
and social motives and the association between negative affectivity and alcohol-related consequences was mediated by coping-depression
motives. These results highlight the importance of focusing on temperament profiles and their associated drinking motives
in the prevention and intervention of alcohol use problems among adolescents. 相似文献