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991.
Wesley J. Kasprow Haydee Cacheiro Mary Ann Balaz Ralph R. Miller 《Learning and motivation》1982,13(2):155-166
The possibility of reversing the deficit produced by overshadowing through the use of memory reactivation was investigated. Using lick suppression as a measure of associative strength, water-deprived rats were conditioned in a Pavlovian paradigm which produced reliable overshadowing of a flashing light by a tone. It was found, however, that exposure to the overshadowed stimulus outside of the conditioning context during the retention interval (reminder treatment) caused an increase in lick suppression during testing in animals that had undergone overshadowing, relative to nonreminded overshadowed animals. Subjects that received the reminder treatment but were conditioned without overshadowing showed no increase in lick suppression. Additional control groups ensured that the increase in suppression observed in the overshadowed subjects following reminder treatment was not due to nonspecific fear. The results suggest that the performance deficit produced by overshadowing is due at least in part to a reversible failure to efficiently retrieve associations to the overshadowed stimulus at the time of testing, rather than a failure to form those associations during conditioning. 相似文献
992.
Dr. Roy W. Fairchild Ph.D. 《Pastoral Psychology》1982,31(2):79-95
Interest in spiritual direction flourishes in all parts of the Christian tradition. The author notes several reactions of Protestants to this development before describing a biblical view of spirituality. He then sets out essential guidelines for spirituality and spiritual direction which are consistent with the Reformed tradition for churches wishing to include prayer and spiritual direction as a dimension of pastoral care.His article was presented initially as one of a series of convocation lectures marking the formal commencement of the Center's work and his installation as Director on February 4, 1982. 相似文献
993.
994.
The capacities required to be a helpful psychoanalytic psychotherapist include those required for any meaningful interpersonal relationship that involves the deepest thoughts and feelings between two people, where one is committed to always putting first the best interests of the other. This paper discusses seven of those capacities: (1) the capacity for empathie technical flexibility; (2) the capacity to be childlike; (3)the capacity for psychological mindedness and insight; (4) the capacity to be neutral but not anonymous; (5) the capacity to recognize, articulate, bear and experience feelings within the session; (6) the capacity to be silent; and (7) the capacity to regress in the service of therapy. Each of these capacities is discussed within the context of practical aspects of delivering psychotherapy. 相似文献
995.
Evidence suggests that more people wanting help for emotional problems go to the clergy than to any other professional group. Many of these distressed persons manifest psychotic symptoms; yet little attention has been given to pastors' opportunity and responsibility in aiding persons suffering from psychoses. A model of pastoral care of the severely emotionally distressed is presented by describing five potential pastoral roles: availability, assessment (present episode and past history, mental status, specific symptoms), synthesis (hierarchy of probabilities), treatment (linkage, primary care [in collaboration], primary care [alone], support), and follow-up. Clinical vignettes illustrate these various roles. 相似文献
996.
Dr. Peggy Ann Way Ph.D. 《Pastoral Psychology》1980,29(1):46-57
The existence of Pastoral Theology as a discipline is problematic. The possibility of becoming a discipline is discussed as requiring a shift from a clinical/therapeutic to an ecclesial paradigm as its center. The shift would foster a valuing of the pastor as an interpreter of human existence, attention to the need for a pastoral hermeneutic, and an appreciation for particularity. The field needs to attend its intellectual tasks and to assess the debits/credits of its relations to secular disciplines. 相似文献
997.
Dr. Edward P. Wimberly Ph.D. 《Pastoral Psychology》1980,28(3):188-198
The article examines the influence of the over emphasis upon selfactualization, hedonism and individualism in the American family today. The result has been the submergence of the wholistic function of the family which not only includes self-actualization and individuation, but also intimacy, self-surrender, and commitment. In this context, the article emphasizes a wholistic approach to families within the church and draws upon Jungian psychology for its direction. 相似文献
998.
Dr. Jean Ann Graham Michael Argyle Adrian Furnham 《European journal of social psychology》1980,10(4):345-366
An empirical method for analysing the goal structure within and between persons in different social situations is described. The method involves establishing the main goals of occupants of situational roles and then finding out how the different goals inter-relate in terms of degree and type/direction of conflict and compatibility. Principal components analyses were carried out on ratings of importance of goals of those in different situational roles. Criteria of high factor loadings combined with high mean importance ratings were used to produce the main higher order goals for each of the roles. The goals for the six roles studied were, in each case except one: social acceptance/developing relationships, own well being and achieving a specific situational task goal. However, the precise nature of these goals is rather different in the different situations. Inter-relationship of goals was studied using ratings of conflict or compatibility between pairs of goals within and across roles of each situation. The results were used to describe the goal structures of the different situations. The situation with the most conflict between goals was, as expected, the complaint. Ways were suggested in which knowledge of the goal structure, particularly the points of conflict, could help with skilful handling of potentially difficult social situations. 相似文献
999.
Dr. Pavel Machotka 《Motivation and emotion》1980,4(2):113-121
This article reviews the four types of evidence relevant to arousal as a determinant of aesthetic preference: (a) preference as related to arousal-producing attributes of objects, (b) preference changes through time as a function of such attributes, (c) preference as a function of the arousal level of the observer, and (d) perception of art objects as revealed by multidimensional scaling. Some evidence, but not all, underscores the importance of arousal, but the arousal framework rightly continues to inspire empirical work.This paper was presented at a symposium in honor of Daniel Berlyne, at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, August 27, 1977, in San Francisco. 相似文献
1000.
Dr. Joachim F. Wohlwill 《Motivation and emotion》1980,4(2):133-142
Contrasting views in writings of architectural aesthetics regarding the virtues of diversity as opposed to unity are examined in terms of Berlyne's treatment of the unity-amid-variety issue, and of work by him and others attempting to distinguish effects of complexity and redundancy. Research on the role of structural relationships in complex configurations suggests the need for coming to grips with such Gestaltist variables as order and balance in the context of a motivational theory of response to aesthetic stimuli such as Berlyne's.This paper was written while the author was on leave at the Institute for Urban and Regional Development of the University of California at Berkeley, with partial support from a grant from the Farrand Fund of the Department of Landscape Architecture. It was prepared for a symposium in memory of Daniel Berlyne held at the meetings of the Canadian Psychological Association in Vancouver, B. C., June 9, 1977. 相似文献