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Leadership behavior changes following a theory‐based leadership development intervention: A longitudinal study of subordinates’ and leaders’ evaluations 下载免费PDF全文
Gerry Larsson Christer Sandahl Teresa Söderhjelm Endre Sjövold Ann Zander 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2017,58(1):62-68
The aim was to evaluate effects of leadership courses based on the developmental leadership model at the leadership behavioral level. A longitudinal design was employed with assessments before, one and six months after the leadership courses. The sample consisted of 59 leaders who made self‐ratings and were rated by at least three subordinates on each occasion. Leadership behaviors were measured with the Developmental Leadership Questionnaire (DLQ). A limited increase of favorable leadership behaviors and a significant reduction of unfavorable leadership behaviors were found, particularly according to the subordinates’ ratings. A cluster analysis yielded three meaningful leader profiles and showed that this pattern was found in all three profiles, irrespective of how favorably they were rated before the onset of the intervention. 相似文献
114.
In the current research, we sought to examine the role of spatial frequency on the detection of threat using a speeded visual search paradigm. Participants searched for threat-relevant (snakes or spiders) or non-threat-relevant (frogs or cockroaches) targets in an array of neutral (flowers or mushrooms) distracters, and we measured search performance with images filtered to contain different levels (high and low) of spatial frequency information. The results replicate previous work demonstrating more rapid detection of threatening versus non-threatening stimuli [e.g. LoBue, V. & DeLoache, J. S. (2008). Detecting the snake in the grass: Attention to fear-relevant stimuli by adults and young children. Psychological Science, 19, 284–289. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02081.x]. Most importantly, the results suggest that low spatial frequency or relatively coarse levels of visual information is sufficient for the rapid and accurate detection of threatening stimuli. Furthermore, the results also suggest that visual similarity between the stimuli used in the search tasks plays a significant role in speeded detection. The results are discussed in terms of the theoretical implications for the rapid detection of threat and methodological implications for properly accounting for similarity between the stimuli in visual search studies. 相似文献
115.
This study evaluated the neuropsychological performance of adults with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD) during the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Computerized Version 3 (WCST),
and the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA). Quantitative electroencephalographic (QEEG) data
were also collected during task performance to examine differences in cortical activity between groups and tasks. Results
suggest that adults with ADHD demonstrated lower levels of performance on the PASAT and IVA, tasks that involve working memory
and processing speed, and sustained attention, respectively. Adults with ADHD also had more upper alpha activity during the
IVA. Lastly, for the ADHD group, an increased theta/beta ratio during the IVA was significantly related to poorer attentional
performance. The current results support reinforcing specific types of cortical activity though EEG operant conditioning (neurofeedback)
as a treatment option in adults with ADHD.
This paper is based largely in part on a dissertation by J. Noland White in partial fulfillment of the requirements of his
doctoral program at The University of Tennessee. Portions of this study have been presented in summary form at several professional
conferences. 相似文献
116.
In a sample of 162 associate professors of organization science, women in more research-oriented departments had published significantly more during their assistant professor periods than did those in less research-oriented departments, whereas this effect was not observed for men. In more research-oriented departments, men were more likely to have had families (partners and/or dependents) in their assistant professor periods than were women. Patterns in the data suggest that women published more than men in more research-oriented departments but less than men in less research-oriented departments. Findings are discussed in light of person–organization fit theories, gender theories, academic productivity, and gender differences research. 相似文献
117.
Sofia Gameiro Mariana Moura-Ramos Maria Cristina Canavarro Teresa Almeida Santos Frank M. Dattilio 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2011,33(2):91-106
In this study we examined the congruence between partners’ perceptions of their marital relationship during the transition
to parenthood and the effect of depression during pregnancy on couples’ congruence during the early postpartum period. Thirty-one
couples who conceived spontaneously, along with thirty-five who conceived through assisted reproductive technologies (ART),
provided data on their marital relationship and depression at their 24th pregnancy week and four months after the partum.
All couples reported a decrease in marital congruence. Couples who conceived through ART reported lower marital congruence.
For these subjects, women’s depression was associated with lower congruence. Interventions that focus on strengthening the
marital relationship across the transition to parenthood should assess and promote couples’ congruence. 相似文献
118.
Objectification theory (Fredrickson and Roberts 1997) proposes that women are especially vulnerable to eating disordered behavior when they live in cultures in which their bodies are a constant focus of evaluation. The current study examined whether predictions of objectification theory involving the associations among sexual objectification, body surveillance, body shame, and eating disordered behavior were supported in groups that varied by both gender and sexual orientation. Adults from a U.S. community sample in the Chicago area (92 heterosexual women; 102 heterosexual men; 87 gay men; and 99 lesbian women) completed self-report measures of these constructs. Results suggest that group differences in experiences of sexual objectification and body surveillance may partially explain gender and sexual orientation-based differences in eating disordered behavior. 相似文献
119.
Gordon L. Flett Teresa Panico Paul L. Hewitt 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2011,30(2):105-116
The current study examined the associations among dimensions of perfectionism, Type A behavior, self-efficacy, distress, and
health symptoms in high school students. A sample of 73 high school students (34 boys, 39 girls) completed measures of self-oriented
perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, Type A behavior, self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, and psychosomatic symptoms.
Correlational analyses found that self-oriented perfectionism was marginally related to Type A behavior. Students with elevated
levels of depressive symptoms were also characterized by self-oriented perfectionism, Type A behavior, low self-efficacy,
and health symptoms. In addition, health symptoms were linked with low self-efficacy. Simultaneous entry of several variables
into a regression analysis found that significant unique predictors of depression were low self-efficacy and elevated self-oriented
perfectionism. Similarly, a regression analysis found that low self-efficacy and high self-oriented perfectionism were unique
predictors of health symptoms. The findings highlight the distinctions between the perfectionism and the Type A constructs,
and support self-regulation models of depression and physical symptoms that include an emphasis on excessive perfectionistic
standards and low self-efficacy. We discuss the need for preventive interventions designed for perfectionistic adolescents
with low self-efficacy. 相似文献
120.
This article describes the development of a test for measuring the intelligibility of speech in noise for the Spanish language,
similar to the test developed by Kalikow, Stevens, and Elliot (Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 5, 1337–1360, 1977) for the English language. The test consists of six forms, each comprising 25 high-predictability (HP) sentences and 25 low-predictability
(LP) sentences. The sentences were used in a perceptual task to assess their intelligibility in babble noise across three
different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions in a sample of 474 normal-hearing listeners. The results showed that the
listeners obtained higher scores of intelligibility for HP sentences than for LP sentences, and the scores were lower for
the higher SNRs, as was expected. The final six forms were equivalent in intelligibility and phonetic content. 相似文献