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511.
Sebastian Wachs Ludwig Bilz Alexander Wettstein Dorothy L. Espelage 《Aggressive behavior》2024,50(1):e22105
Our understanding of how bystanders respond to hate speech is limited. This may be due, in part, to the lack of available measurement tools. However, understanding adolescents’ responses to hate speech is critical because this kind of research can support schools in empowering students to exhibit courageous moral behavior. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the newly developed Multidimensional Bystander Responses to Hate Speech Scale (MBRHS) and to explore demographic differences and correlates of bystander behavior in school hate speech. The sample consisted of 3225 seventh to ninth graders from Germany and Switzerland. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a model with seven factors. We found that adolescents with immigrant background and boys showed particularly unfavorable response patterns. In addition, our study suggests that empathy is positively correlated with the factors comforting the victim, seeking help at school, and countering hate speech but negatively correlated with helplessness, revenge, reinforcing, and ignoring. Moral disengagement showed the opposite correlational pattern. The findings indicate that the MBRHS is a psychometrically valid and reliable measure that could aid in measuring varied responses to hate speech. In addition, this work highlights the relevance of empathy and moral engagement training in anti-hate speech prevention programs. 相似文献
512.
ABSTRACTWhen examining negative attitudes and behaviors directed toward gay men and lesbian women (i.e., homonegativity), researchers tend to use measures that require participants to respond to belief statements. This methodology is problematic for two reasons: 1) it focuses on the social categories “gay men” and “lesbian women” and ignores the practices of relational intimacy engaged in by gay and lesbian persons (practices that, arguably, are at the crux of homonegativity); and 2) it overlooks the affective responses that sexual minorities evoke in heterosexual people. These issues were tackled in the current study. Specifically, heterosexual participants (N = 241) were asked to report their affective state using six basic emotions while viewing photos depicting male-male, female-female, and heterosexual couples. Findings demonstrated that participants, regardless of gender, reacted most negatively to images of female-female couples engaging in everyday intimacies. Theoretical explanations for these findings are explored. 相似文献
513.
514.
François M. Lalonde Elizabeth F. Bishop Gregory Marton Alex Martin 《Behavior research methods》1994,26(2):198-201
As researchers take advantage of advances in computer and related technologies, the amount of data has increased dramatically. Recent developments in database management systems (DBMS) such as client-server database technology provide the necessary tools for merging and managing data from various fields of study, as well as, various locations. This emerging technology allows the distribution of processing and data storage operations to a variety of computer plat-forms, thereby maximizing efficiency and flexibility. A DBMS that uses client-server technology is described. 相似文献
515.
Wertz DC 《Journal of genetic counseling》1994,3(2):95-112
Women constitute 35% of providers in genetics at the doctoral level. A survey of 682 geneticists in 19 nations showed that gender was the single most important determinant of ethical decision making. Women were less directive and more observant of patient autonomy than men. In the United States, women were twice as likely as men to accede to patient requests for prenatal diagnosis for sex selection. Women now constitute 30% of all medical students, about half of all obstetrical residents, and 94% of master's-level genetic counselors. Evidence that women providers respond differently to some ethical problems suggests that in the future, as more women enter the field, provider-patient relationships may become more egalitarian. 相似文献
516.
Brittany Bishop 《Counseling and values》2018,63(1):17-30
Atheism is a controversial topic, with individuals who identify as atheist reporting high rates of discrimination. Despite increasing literature discussing religious/spiritual views and beliefs, few scholarly discussions of atheism in the counseling field can be found. Counselors need to be made aware of the issues facing atheist clients and educated on the best interventions to use in collaborative work with clients. Counselors should also be prepared to advocate for atheist clients in multiple domains. This article aims to explore the relevant literature around atheism, identify implications for counselors, and provide a path to advocacy for counselors in their work with atheist clients. 相似文献
517.
518.
Madhur Mangalam Dorothy M. Fragaszy Karl M. Newell Elisabetta Visalberghi 《Ecological Psychology》2017,29(4):300-316
Handheld tools transform the actor's body into a body-plus-tool system such that the fit of the actor's body, the tool, and the task demand channel movement in action. In this study, we performed a biomechanical analysis of percussive actions in wild bearded capuchin monkeys, Sapajus libidinosus at Fazenda Boa Vista, Brazil, as they cracked open tucum nuts with anvil-and-hammer tools from the frame of reference of the body-plus-tool system. The ratio of hammer mass to body mass—the “body-scaled hammer mass”—influenced the monkeys' actions with a hammer and their performance in cracking nuts. Both body mass and hammer mass did not independently influence the monkeys' actions with a hammer and their performance in cracking nuts. These findings support the hypothesis that the properties of the body-plus-tool system are not simply the sum of the properties of the body and the tool. 相似文献
519.
Melanie A. Morrison CJ Bishop Stephanie B. Gazzola Jessica M. McCutcheon Kandice Parker Todd G. Morrison 《International Journal of Transgenderism》2017,18(4):395-410
Introduction: Prejudice and discrimination against transgender individuals (i.e., transphobia) is pervasive and has been shown to have pernicious effects on the physical (e.g., substance abuse and other self-harm behaviors) and psychological (e.g., depression and suicidal ideation) well-being of those targeted.
Aims: To date, a review of the psychometric properties of scales assessing transphobia has not been conducted; this gap compromises researchers' ability to make informed measurement decisions.
Methods: In the current study, 61 articles that contained 83 scales were identified, and their adherence to best practices in psychometric testing was evaluated.
Results: Most of the transphobia scales included in the current review did not provide sufficient information about item generation and refinement, scale dimensionality, scale score reliability, or validity. Each scale was entered into a table and was ranked on the basis of its total score. A score of 1 was issued for each psychometric feature that adhered to best practice guidelines, with total scores ranging from 0 to 5 (i.e., higher scores denote greater psychometric soundness).
Discussion: Properties of the reviewed scales are summarized and recommendations are made for future transphobia scale development and validation. The measures that emerged as possessing the highest scores and, subsequently, the greatest utility are identified. 相似文献
520.