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131.
Edward D. Sturman Gordon L. Flett Paul L. Hewitt Susan G. Rudolph 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2009,27(4):213-231
The current study investigated the role of contingent self-worth in perfectionism and depression. It was hypothesized that
perfectionism is associated with depression because perfectionists base their self-worth on being successful and on the need
to be actively working toward their goals. A sample of 170 female university students completed measures of conditional self-worth,
perfectionism traits, perfectionism cognitions, and depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling revealed that a factor
interpreted as Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism was associated strongly with contingent self-worth, which was, in turn, related
to depressive symptomatology. In addition, contingent self-worth mediated the association between perfectionism cognitions
and depression. Other analyses revealed that measures of self-oriented perfectionism that are often viewed as highly similar
actually differed in terms of their associations with contingent self-worth. The theoretical and practical implications of
the associations between perfectionism and contingent self-worth are discussed. 相似文献
132.
Binge drinking is common in adolescents. Externalizing behavior disorders, novelty seeking, lack of parental monitoring, delinquency and deviant peer affiliations are regarded as major risk factors. In the framework of a prospective longitudinal study, the specific explanatory power of these risk factors for variation in hazardous drinking behavior (here: maximum amount of alcohol drunk on one single occasion) of 15-year-olds is determined. A stepwise linear regression analysis revealed statistically significant independent contributions to the maximum amount of alcohol drunk on one single occasion for all risk factors. This implies that each of the risk factors investigated plays a unique role for adolescent binge drinking and provides clues for the conception of preventive strategies. Possible preventive measures derived from these findings are discussed. 相似文献
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134.
Melissa B. Waters Dorothea C. Lerman Alyson N. Hovanetz 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(2):309-313
The separate and combined effects of visual schedules and extinction plus differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) were evaluated to decrease transition‐related problem behavior of 2 children diagnosed with autism. Visual schedules alone were ineffective in reducing problem behavior when transitioning from preferred to nonpreferred activities. Problem behavior decreased for both participants when extinction and DRO were introduced, regardless of whether visual schedules were also used. 相似文献
135.
Dorothea C. Lerman 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2013,46(4):707-707
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Hayden T Perantie DC Nix BD Barnes LD Mostello DJ Holcomb WL Svrakic DM Scherrer JF Lustman PJ Hershey T 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2012,19(3):285-292
Whether and how the co-occurrence of depression and diabetes in pregnancy may worsen infant development has not been reported. Pregnant women with diabetes and with (n?=?34) or without (n?=?34) major depressive disorder (MDD) were followed during pregnancy and 6-months postpartum. The MDD subset received randomly assigned treatment with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) or supportive counseling (SC). Depression severity was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); infant developmental outcomes were measured with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) and its Behavior Rating Scale (BRS). Infants of women with MDD had lower BRS scores (p?=?.02). Reduction in depression scores was associated with better infant outcomes on the BSID and BRS (p values <.03). These preliminary findings suggest depression occurring in pregnant women with diabetes is associated with poorer infant development and improvement in prepartum depression is associated with improvement in measures of infant development. 相似文献
139.
The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system where it negatively controls the release of several neurotransmitters. CB1 activity plays a crucial role in learning and memory and in synaptic plasticity. In the present study, the role of CB1 was investigated in three different hippocampus-dependent memory tasks and in in vivo hippocampal synaptic plasticity in knockout (CB1-ko) and wildtype mice. There was no difference in short-term and long-term social and object recognition memory between CB1-ko and wildtype mice. In contrast, in background contextual fear conditioning CB1-ko mice showed enhanced freezing levels in the conditioning context and increased generalised contextual fear after a high-intensity conditioning foot shock of 1.5 mA, but not after 0.7 mA. In in vivo field potential recordings in the dentate gyrus, CB1-ko mice displayed a decreased paired-pulse facilitation of the populations spikes, suggesting an altered inhibitory synaptic drive onto hippocampal granule cells. Furthermore, CB1-ko mice displayed significantly higher levels of in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus. In conclusion, CB1 deficiency leads to enhanced contextual fear memory and altered synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, supporting the key role of endocannabinoid signalling in learning and memory, in particular following highly aversive encounters. 相似文献
140.