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141.
The initial efficacy of functional communication training (FCT) was evaluated when problem behavior continued to produce intermittent reinforcement. Results for 2 of 3 participants showed that FCT was most effective when problem behavior was also exposed to extinction, response blocking, or both. 相似文献
142.
Karsch FJ Battaglia DF Breen KM Debus N Harris TG 《Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2002,5(2):101-112
This review summarizes highlights of our experiments investigating mechanisms, mediators and sites by which endotoxin disrupts reproductive neuroendocrine activity and interferes with the estrous cycle of sheep. Endotoxin, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a commonly used model for immune and inflammatory stress. When administered to ovary-intact ewes, endotoxin interrupts the follicular phase of the cycle by interfering with several steps in the preovulatory chain of endocrine events. One such step is the development of high frequency LH pulses, which provide an essential stimulus for the preovulatory increase in estradiol secretion from the ovarian follicle. Follow-up experiments in ovariectomized ewes demonstrate that endotoxin inhibits pulsatile LH secretion at both the hypothalamic and pituitary levels, suppressing pulsatile GnRH secretion and reducing pituitary responsiveness to GnRH. This disruption of GnRH and LH pulsatility is mediated by pathways that include the synthesis of prostaglandins and cortisol, both of which are increased by endotoxin. It is postulated that a prostaglandin-mediated pathway disrupts the cycle during immune and inflammatory stress, whereas a separate cortisol-mediated pathway reinforces this disruption and also participates more generally in suppressing cyclicity during other stressful situations that activate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. 相似文献
143.
At first the concept of burnout will be critically reflected in the context of the discussion in a position paper of the German Society for Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Neurology. An investigation of preventive stress management interventions at the workplace will be reported. The treatment concept of the day clinic of the Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy of the Munich-Harlaching hospital for occupational stress-related disorders will be presented. An empirical study of the effectiveness of this treatment will be reported comparing patients with occupational stress-related disorders (n?=?95) to other patients treated in the day clinic during the same time interval (n?=?154). Furthermore, a qualitative analysis of 102 patient charts with occupational stress-related disorders will be described. Two case histories typical for mental health disease with burnout syndrome are presented to illustrate the conclusions. 相似文献
144.
Prof. Dr. phil. Dr. med. Dorothea Huber Alexandra Schmuck Prof. Dr. Dr. Horst K?chele 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2012,28(3):299-309
The discourse in psychotherapeutic treatment is less specific than usually expected so the question arises whether different therapy methods are different in the style of communication. In this study the verbal activity and other characteristics of the discourse of therapist and patient for sessions from two psychoanalytic, two psychodynamic and two cognitive behavior therapies were compared. Psychoanalytic therapists were found to talk the least and behavior therapists the most. Patients talk nearly the same amount in all therapies. As therapists of psychoanalytic treatment talk less than behavior therapists the percentage of patient talking is highest in psychoanalytic therapy. Further formal characteristics: statements are the most frequent form of intervention in behavior therapy (51?%), followed by psychodynamic (36?%) and psychoanalytic therapy (27?%). The most frequent form of intervention in psychodynamic and psychoanalytic therapy is listening, whereas it is only a small part of communication in behavior therapy. Questions are asked most often in behavior therapy. Hence there are significant differences which correspond to the theory of treatment, between the three methods in discourse behavior on a single case level. 相似文献
145.
The authors describe the modification of the classical psychoanalytic treatment technique, which was developed in the past decades to treat people with schizophrenic psychosis. The technique which can be used in modified psychoanalytic as well as other psychodynamic settings, was adjusted to the specific problems which occur in the psychotherapy of patients with schizophrenia. This specific modified psychotherapy deals with a paradigmatic experience in the therapeutic relationship to reduce traumatic fear and to overcome interpersonal and intrapsychic dilemmas. This modification increases the possibility to reconstruct the personal history of the psychosis in a dialogical process together with the patient. 相似文献
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Jill H. Larkin John McDermott Dorothea P. Simon Herbert A. Simon 《Cognitive Science》1980,4(4):317-345
We describe a set of two computer-implemented models that solve physics problems in ways characteristic of more and less competent human solvers. The main features accounting for different competences are differences in strategy for selecting physics principles, and differences in the degree of automation in the process of applying a single principle. The models provide a good account of the order in which principles are applied by human solvers working problems in kinematics and dynamics. They also are sufficiently flexible to allow easy extension to several related domains of physics problems. 相似文献
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