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Reducing the Risk for Preschool Expulsion: Mental Health Consultation for Young Children with Challenging Behaviors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Deborah F. Perry M. Clare Dunne LaTanya McFadden Doreen Campbell 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(1):44-54
Increasing numbers of young children are being expelled from child care settings because of their problem behavior. Access
to mental health consultation is related to lower rates of expulsion, but additional data are needed to document the pathways
through which mental health consultation reduces the risk of expulsion. We report on outcomes from a 4-year project designed
to reduce the number of children expelled for problem behavior in a large suburban county in Maryland. Two master’s-level
professionals provided behavioral consultation to child care providers who identified nearly 200 children at imminent risk
for expulsion. Child care providers rated children’s social skills and problem behaviors at referral and discharge using the
Preschool Kindergarten Behavior Scales and the Brief Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment. Statistically significant
increases in social skills and reductions in problem behaviors were seen for children who received individualized consultation.
More than three-quarters of the children who were at risk for expulsion were able to be maintained in their current child
care placement; of those that changed placements, only half (n = 13) were removed involuntarily. These findings provide additional support for mental health consultation as a promising
strategy to reduce the risk for expulsion for young children with problem behaviors. 相似文献
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Friedman D Nessler D Johnson R Ritter W Bersick M 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2008,15(1):95-128
Older adults have difficulty when executive control must be brought on line to coordinate ongoing behavior. To assess age-related alterations in executive processing, task-switching performance and event-related potential (ERP) activity were compared in young and older adults on switch, post-switch, pre-switch, and no-switch trials, ordered in demand for executive processes from greatest to least. In stimulus-locked averages for young adults, only switch trials elicited fronto-central P3 components, indicative of task-set attentional reallocation, whereas in older adults, three of the four trial types evinced frontal potentials. In response-locked averages, the amplitude of a medial frontal negativity (MFN), a component reflecting conflict monitoring and detection, increased as a function of executive demands in the ERPs of the young but not those of the older adults. These data suggest altered executive processing in older adults resulting in persistent recruitment of prefrontal processes for conditions that do not require them in the young. 相似文献
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David Friedman Doreen Nessler Yael M. Cycowicz Cort Horton 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2009,9(1):91-102
Cognitive control involves adjustments in behavior to conflicting information, develops throughout childhood, and declines
in aging. Accordingly, developmental and age-related changes in cognitive control and response-conflict detection were assessed
in a response-compatibility task. We recorded performance measures, pre-response time (pre-RT) activity and medial frontal
negativity (MFN)—sequentially occurring, putative event-related potential (ERP) indexes, respectively, of cognitive control
and response-conflict detection. When response conflict reached the highest levels by requiring incompatible responses on
posterror trials, children and older adults showed the greatest performance decrements. ERPs indicated that young adults implemented
control (pre-RT) and detected the increased conflict (MFN) only when that conflict was at the highest levels, whereas children
and older adults did so at lower levels (e.g., posterror, compatible responses). Consequently, the developmental and age-related
performance decrements observed here may be due to the undifferentiated and inefficient manner in which children and older
adults recruited the processes associated with both cognitive control and response-conflict detection. 相似文献