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1.
Lara J. Farrell Taka Miyamoto Caroline L. Donovan Allison M. Waters Kirra A. Krisch Thomas H. Ollendick 《Behavior Therapy》2021,52(2):478-491
Specific phobia (SP) typically onsets in childhood and frequently predicts other mental health disorders later in life. Fortunately, childhood SP can be effectively treated with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), including the exposure-based one-session treatment (OST) approach. Despite empirical support for CBT and OST, clinicians, for various reasons, frequently fail to implement exposure-based therapy in routine clinical practice, including perceived difficulties in implementing exposure. Virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy may overcome some of these challenges and provides an alternative modality of therapy. This preliminary study examined the efficacy of VR OST for 8 children with a SP of dogs (aged 8–12 years) (M = age 10.25; SD = 2.11) using a multiple-baseline controlled case series. Following a stable baseline period of either 2, 3, or 4 weeks, it was expected that specific phobia severity would significantly decline after VR OST and remain improved over the 3-week maintenance phase. Assessments were conducted posttreatment and at 1-month follow up (study end-point). It was found that phobia symptoms remained relatively stable across the baselines, with significant reductions from pretreatment to posttreatment and to follow-up on clinician severity ratings (pre- to post- g = 1.12; pre- to follow-up g = 2.40), target symptom ratings (g = 1.14; 1.29), and behavioral avoidance (g = -1.27; -1.96). The treatment was also associated with clinically significant outcomes, whereby at one-month follow up, 75% of children were considered “recovered” and 88% completed the BAT (interacted with their feared stimuli). This study provides support for the effectiveness of VR OST. 相似文献
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Personality and job performance: the Big Five revisited 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Prior meta-analyses investigating the relation between the Big 5 personality dimensions and job performance have all contained a threat to construct validity, in that much of the data included within these analyses was not derived from actual Big 5 measures. In addition, these reviews did not address the relations between the Big 5 and contextual performance. Therefore, the present study sought to provide a meta-analytic estimate of the criterion-related validity of explicit Big 5 measures for predicting job performance and contextual performance. The results for job performance closely paralleled 2 of the previous meta-analyses, whereas analyses with contextual performance showed more complex relations among the Big 5 and performance. A more critical interpretation of the Big 5-performance relationship is presented, and suggestions for future research aimed at enhancing the validity of personality predictors are provided. 相似文献
3.
This paper explores the ways that Daniel C. Dennett’s bestselling 2006 book Breaking the Spell traffics in a set of distinctly American presumptions about the relationship between religion and science. In this Americanized atheism, religion is presumed to be a set of logically organized propositional beliefs–a misbegotten science in need of correction or elimination. I show that a convergent critique, drawing on both evolutionary theory and deconstruction, highlights the limitations of this approach. This convergence highlights the theme of accident in both pluralist evolutionary biology and continental philosophy of religion. Thematizing accident opens up a new conversational space between a deconstructive approach to religion and postadaptationist evolutionary theory, with implications not only for a philosophical understanding of religion, but for new, postsecular atheisms. 相似文献
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The interactive effects of achievement goals and task complexity on enjoyment,mental focus,and effort 下载免费PDF全文
John J. Donovan Leifur Geir Hafsteinsson Steven J. Lorenzet 《Journal of applied social psychology》2018,48(3):136-149
Several empirical studies have suggested that achievement goal researchers should put a greater emphasis on identifying factors that may moderate the effects of achievement goals on motivation and related outcomes. In line with this recommendation, the current study sought to examine how one task characteristics (task complexity) may moderate the impact of achievement goals on the motivational outcomes of task enjoyment, mental focus, and exerted effort. Consistent with both the theoretical foundations of achievement goals and the existing research literature, we hypothesized that achievement goals would interact with task complexity in their effects on motivation such that the positive effects of mastery goals would be stronger for complex tasks, the positive effects of performance‐approach goals would be stronger for simple tasks, and the negative effects of performance‐avoidance goals would be weaker for simple tasks. Data collected from 347 undergraduate students assigned to simple or complex task conditions when performing a puzzle‐based task supported these hypotheses. Under complex task conditions, the positive effects of mastery goals were amplified, whereas simple task conditions enhanced the positive effects of performance‐approach goals and minimized the negative impact of performance‐avoidance goals. Future directions for research on achievement goals are discussed, along with potential practical implications of the results of this study. 相似文献
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THE FATHER,THE FATHER FUNCTION,THE FATHER PRINCIPLE: SOME CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOANALYTIC DEVELOPMENTS 下载免费PDF全文
CLÁUDIO LAKS EIZIRIK 《The Psychoanalytic quarterly》2015,84(2):335-350
The author discusses Freud's thinking on the role of the father, as well as that of later French theoreticians. To illustrate his remarks, he draws on the poetry of Carlos Drummond de Andrade (1912–1987), a Brazilian poet whose work often dealt with themes of the father, the family, and his own paternal relationship. The author also discusses the psychic formation of the father principle and how this may be evident in the clinical analytic setting, even when the analyst's approach privileges field theory, intersubjectivity, or other concepts emphasizing the relationship between analyst and patient. 相似文献
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Mindy E. Bergman Michelle A. Donovan Fritz Drasgow Randall C. Overton Jaime B. Henning 《人类行为》2013,26(3):227-253
This article examines 20 key issues related to the sliding band method of candidate referral in personnel selection. It does so in a point-and-counter-point format. Its purpose is to facilitate consideration of relevant issues, to correct what we believe are misconceptions and misunderstandings of the technical, legal, and social implications of the method, and to allow us to state our position on these issues clearly. Some scientists and practitioners may choose not to use this approach, but at least their decisions should be based on a clear understanding of the logic and technical basis for it. 相似文献
10.
Erica E. Coates Tara Dinger Matthew Donovan Vicky Phares 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(4):394-407
Despite the proliferation of child maltreatment research over the last 30 years, there remains a dearth of research examining the long-term effects of child psychological maltreatment (CPM), particularly child verbal abuse (CVA). Using a college sample of 173 participants from a Southeastern university, this study examined the role of gender and perpetrator relationship in predicting psychological distress and self-worth of adults exposed to CVA. Maternal CVA emerged as a significant predictor of lower levels of self-worth in adult daughters and sons as well as greater psychological distress in adult daughters. Paternal CVA did not emerge as a significant predictor of greater psychological distress or lower levels of self-worth in either adult daughters or sons. 相似文献