内含子microRNAs:基因敲除技术的新挑战——以现代生命科学中的认识论为视角

内含子microRNA,的发现,不仅为基因组中大量的内含子提供了存在的理由,也有助于人类进一步了解内含子的生物学功能.同时,内含子microRNAs对传统的基因敲除技术提出了新的挑战.分于生物学实践促进了人们对生命现象的认识,对理论认识的深入又促进了科学实践.在现代生物技术发展的历程中,人们见证了鲜活的马克思主义哲学认识论.     

鼻窦炎鼻内镜术后术腔置药疗效分析

为了缩短鼻内镜手术病程,防治并发症,以2006年1月至200g年1月大连市中心医院耳鼻咽喉科127例鼻内镜术后患者为样本,其中64例患者(对照组)行常规术后鼻腔清理,另63例患者(实验组)常规清理后,术腔放置浸入辅舒良鼻喷雾剂的明胶海绵小块.对两组患者术后施行同样频度、同样疗程术腔清理,观察术腔上皮化的时间进行对比.结果术后随访6个月～12个月,实验组上皮化的时间明显早于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05).因此,此方法安全有效,简便易操作,明显缩短了病程,有利于减少或避免术后并发症.     

发育性髋关节脱位患者复位后固定方法的演变

发育性髋关节脱位是小儿骨科常见病之一,要想使其获得理想的治疗,必须做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗。髋关节复位后的固定方法随着临床实践在不断更新,使手术治疗效果有了明显的进步,其间包含以下哲学观点：（1）事物需要从实践中认识,认识需要过程。（2）外固定器治疗具有普遍性和特殊性,选择适合个体的,达到最优效果。     

重症急性胰腺炎预防抗生素治疗的争议

重症急性胰腺炎伴随高病死率,细菌和真菌感染是其导致死亡的主要原因之一。目前治疗一般采取预防性抗生素治疗,但预防性抗生素治疗又可能会加重二重感染。目前研究结果数量有限,结果不一。是否应该应用预防抗生素治疗仍然存在争议,期待更多设计合理的随机对照试验。     

丙种球蛋白治疗成人重症心肌炎的临床观察

观察丙种球蛋白对成人重症心肌炎的治疗效果及对预后的影响。回顾性分析该院自2009年1月至2010年10月治疗的成人急性重症心肌炎33例,分为丙种球蛋白组（丙球组）及常规治疗组（对照组）。丙种球蛋白组给予患者丙球2g／kg,2天～3天内静脉滴入,同时给予常规治疗;对照组患者给予常规治疗。结果治疗后丙球组优于对照组（P〈0...     

双气囊小肠镜在小肠相关疾病中的应用进展

小肠及其相关疾病在所有消化道疾病中占有重要地位,对小肠及其相关疾病的诊疗一直存在相当大的困难,常规的内镜检查和治疗方法无法准确诊断和治疗小肠及其相关疾病,例如不明原因消化道出血,小肠肿瘤,胆胰管疾病等。双气囊小肠镜的出现为小肠及其相关疾病的诊疗提供一种全新的方法,内镜下进行小肠疾病治疗,例如小肠出血的止血、息肉的切除、肠腔狭窄扩张等,及各种相关的新技术、新方法层出不穷。本文就对双气囊小肠镜的应用前景和诊疗新进展做一综述。     

Why People Try to Actively Change Unchangeable Situations: The Role of Anticipated Affect

Past research revealed that people were prone to persist with losing courses of action. However, in these studies, it was unclear in advance whether discontinuation of the course of action was not too early. The present research showed that participants tried to actively change a troubling situation (primary control) even if they were aware that the situation was not amenable to change. It was further examined why people use primary control in unchangeable situations. It was hypothesized and found that unchangeable (relative to changeable) situations give rise to extreme anticipated affect, which in turn is associated with the use of primary control strategies. Thus, it appears that anticipated affects (partly) underlie people’s tendency to cling to losing courses of action.     

Using a Family History Intervention to Improve Cancer Risk Perception in a Black Community

Few studies examine the use of family history to influence risk perceptions in the African American population. This study examined the influence of a family health history (FHH) intervention on risk perceptions for breast (BRCA), colon (CRC), and prostate cancers (PRCA) among African Americans in Pittsburgh, PA. Participants (n = 665) completed pre- and post-surveys and FHHs. We compared their objective and perceived risks, classified as average, moderate, or high, and examined the accuracy of risk perceptions before and after the FHH intervention. The majority of participants had accurate risk perceptions post-FHH. Of those participants who were inaccurate pre-FHH, 43.3%, 43.8%, and 34.5% for BRCA, CRC, and PRCA, respectively, adopted accurate risk perceptions post-FHH intervention. The intervention was successful in a community setting. It has the potential to lead to healthy behavior modifications because participants adopted accurate risk perceptions. We identified a substantial number of at-risk individuals who could benefit from targeted prevention strategies, thus decreasing racial/ethnic cancer disparities.     

Look-normal: the colonized child of developmental science

This article provides an analysis of the techniques, methods, materials, and discourses of child study observation to illuminate its role in the sociohistorical colonization of childhood. Through analysis of key texts it explains how early 20th-century child study provided for the transcendence of historical, racial, and social contexts for understanding human development. The colonizing project of child study promoted the advancement of Eurocentric culture through a generic "White" development. What a child is and can be, and the meaning of childhood has been disembodied through observation, record keeping, and analytical processes in which time and space are abstracted from behavior, and development symbolized as a universal ideal.