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541.
Alberto Maydeu-Olivares Donna L. Coffman Carlos García-Forero David Gallardo-Pujol 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(2):618-625
We show how to test hypotheses for coefficient alpha in three different situations: (1) hypothesis tests of whether coefficient
alpha equals a prespecified value, (2) hypothesis tests involving two statistically independent sample alphas as may arise
when testing the equality of coefficient alpha across groups, and (3) hypothesis tests involving two statistically dependent
sample alphas as may arise when testing the equality of alpha across time or when testing the equality of alpha for two test
scores within the same sample. We illustrate how these hypotheses may be tested in a structural equation-modeling framework
under the assumption of normally distributed responses and also under asymptotically distribution free assumptions. The formulas
for the hypothesis tests and computer code are given for four different applied examples. Supplemental materials for this
article may be downloaded from http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
542.
Alterman AI Cacciola JS Ivey MA Coviello DM Lynch KG Dugosh KL Habing B 《Personality and individual differences》2010,49(8):880-884
This study examined the latent structure of a number of measures of mental health (MH) and mental illness (MI) in substance use disorder outpatients to determine whether they represent two independent dimensions, as Keyes (2005) found in a community sample. Seven aspects of MI assessed were assessed - optimism, personal meaning, spirituality/religiosity, social support, positive mood, hope, and vitality. MI was assessed with two measures of negative psychological moods/states, a measure of antisociality, and the Addiction Severity Index's recent psychiatric and family-social problem scores. Correlational and exploratory factor analyses revealed that MH and MI appear to reflect two independent, but correlated, constructs. However, optimism and social support had relatively high loadings on both factors. Antisociality and the family-social problem score failed to load significantly on the MI factor. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the existence of two obliquely related, negatively correlated dimensions. Study findings, although generally supporting the independence of MH and MI, suggest that the specific answers to this question may be influenced by the constructs and assessments used to measure them. 相似文献
543.
Poleshuck EL Gamble SA Cort N Hoffman-King D Cerrito B Rosario-McCabe LA Giles DE 《Professional psychology, research and practice》2010,41(4):312-318
Up to 37% of individuals experience chronic pain during their lifetimes. Approximately one-fourth of primary care patients with chronic pain also meet criteria for major depression. Many of these individuals fail to receive psychotherapy or other treatment for their depression; moreover when they do, physical pain is often not addressed directly. Women, socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, African Americans and Latinos all report higher rates of pain and depression compared to other groups. This article describes a version of Interpersonal Psychotherapy tailored for patients with comorbid depression and chronic pain, Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depression and Pain (IPT-P). While IPT-P potentially could be delivered to many different patient populations in a range of clinical settings, this article focuses on its delivery within primary care settings for socioeconomically disadvantaged women. Adaptations include a brief 8-session protocol that incorporates strategies for anticipating barriers to psychotherapy, accepting patients' conceptualization of their difficulties, encouraging patients to consider the impact of their pain on their roles and relationships, emphasizing self-care, incorporating pain management techniques, and flexible scheduling. In addition, IPT-P is designed as an adjunct to usual medical pain treatment, and seeks to engage non-treatment seeking patients in psychotherapy by focusing on accessibility and relevance of the intervention to concerns common among patients with pain. Identifying patients with comorbid depression and chronic pain and offering IPT-P as a treatment option has the potential to improve clinical outcomes for individuals with depression and chronic pain. 相似文献
544.
Lisa M. Larson Tsui Feng Wu Donna C. Bailey Courtney E. Gasser Verena S. Bonitz Fred H. Borgen 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2010,76(2):211-478
The purpose of this study is to examine the role of personality traits measured by the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ;
[Tellegen, 2000] and [Tellegen and Waller, 2008]) in selecting educational majors. Personality traits were examined alone, and with the combination of Holland’s hexagonal confidence domains, as measured by the general confidence themes (GCT) of the Skills Confidence Inventory (SCI; Betz, Borgen, & Harmon, 2005), and Holland’s interest domains, as measured by the general occupational themes (GOTs) of the 2005 Strong Interest Inventory (SII; Donnay, Morris, Schaubhut, & Thompson, 2005). Personality traits significantly contributed to the discrimination of nine educational major families in a sample of 368 undergraduate decided students. When the set of confidence and interest scales was added to the personality traits, the conservative jack knife hit rate was almost doubled. 相似文献
545.
Just as chemistry has methods for determining the composition of unknown substances, psychology needs, but has lacked, effective methods for identifying the "active ingredients" of social stimuli. We describe such a method and apply it to identify the verbal and nonverbal distress cues that serve as signals prompting others to provide social support. This method allowed us to identify 55 such cues. Furthermore, the cues that were salient in the minds of potential support providers depended on their goals. For example, when deciding whether someone needed support, negative nonverbal cues (e.g., distressed persons' fidgeting) were more salient, but when deciding whether one was willing to provide support, cues that suggested a positive outcome for the support seeker (e.g., distressed persons' positive attitude and open-mindedness) were more salient. 相似文献
546.
Liane J. Leedom Donna Andersen Mary Ann Glynn Meredith L. Barone 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2019,97(4):364-375
This study obtained feedback from intimate partner abuse survivors (N = 104) regarding helpful and unhelpful aspects of therapy. The survivors’ narrative accounts and answers to quantitative questions were subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results suggest that survivors sought therapy to understand themselves and the abuse they endured. Clinicians’ diagnoses of codependency or assertions that survivors chose the relationship weakened the therapeutic alliance and reduced the perceived helpfulness of therapy. 相似文献
547.
Donna Eisenstadt Michael R. Leippe Jennifer A. Rivers Mark. A. Stambush 《Journal of applied social psychology》2003,33(10):2123-2152
White students were asked to advocate a tuition policy beneficial to Blacks at either high or low personal cost. Advocates wrote an essay while undistracted or distracted, or only committed to writing it. More attitude change occurred when the policy was personally costly (important) and advocates were undistracted. Distraction may disrupt the dominant covert cognitive response, which is normally favorable to a freely agreed‐to advocacy. This makes anti‐advocacy thoughts more likely and the advocacy seem weaker, especially when the advocacy involves conflicted racial beliefs whose contemplation under load activates negative stereotypes. Some participants wrote essays that defied their agreement to endorse the policy, and distraction enhanced their attitude change. In this case, distraction presumably disrupted an anti‐advocacy dominant cognitive response. Thought listings supported these interpretations. Finally, commitment alone led to attitude change. Coun‐terattitudinal advocacy fosters attitude change in prejudice‐relevant domains if conditions support advocacy‐favorable thoughts during advocacy. 相似文献
548.
549.
Julia Shiang Robert Blinn Bruce Bongar Boyd Stephens Donna Allison Alan Schatzberg 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》1997,27(1):80-91
Completed suicides in the city of San Francisco, California, were examined across all ages in the racial groups of Caucasians (n = 798) and Asians (n = 124) from 1987 to 1994. A comparison of Caucasians and Asians showed that there were differences between them in their rates across all age groups. The major findings are: (1) Caucasians predominately used gunshot to complete suicide whereas Asians predominately used hanging to complete suicide, (2) Asian women over the age of 85 have the highest rates across both groups and genders, (3) Asians, as compared to Caucasians, used fewer drugs and alcohol at time of death. Theoretical connections between differences in suicide and definition of the self, as influenced by culture, are discussed. 相似文献
550.