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381.
Donna M. Lloyd Elizabeth Lewis Jacob Payne Lindsay Wilson 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2012,11(1):95-112
Previous studies have shown that misperceptions and illusory experiences can occur if sensory stimulation is withdrawn or
becomes invariant even for short periods of time. Using a perceptual deprivation paradigm, we created a monotonous audiovisual
environment and asked participants to verbally report any auditory, visual or body-related phenomena they experienced. The
data (analysed using a variant of interpretative phenomenological analysis) revealed two main themes: (1) reported sensory
phenomena have different spatial characteristics ranging from simple percepts to the feeling of immersion in a complex multisensory
environment and (2) the active contribution of the perceiver where participants report engaging in exploratory processes even
when there is nothing to find. Detailed analysis of the qualitative data further showed that participants who reported more
perceptual phenomena were more likely to report internal bodily sensations, move more during the experiment and score higher
on the Revised Hallucination Scale than those reporting fewer percepts explicitly linking perceptual deprivation to somatic
phenomena. The results demonstrate how the variety of sensory experiences induced by perceptual deprivation can give further
insight into the factors mediating conscious awareness and may suggest ways in which the brain imposes meaning on the environment
under invariant sensory conditions. 相似文献
382.
Lara N. Ferreira Pedro L. Ferreira Luis N. Pereira Donna Rowen 《Applied research in quality of life》2012,7(2):193-208
The SF-6D suffers from a floor effect where for patient groups in severe health a significant number of patients report the
lowest level of health possible for some dimensions, meaning the SF-6D cannot capture a deterioration in health for these
patients. This paper presents a feasibility study aimed at reducing this floor effect. A modified SF-6D classification system
was proposed that incorporated an additional level in each of the physical functioning and role limitations dimensions. The
modified classification system was valued by a Portuguese general population sample (n = 140) using the Portuguese SF-6D protocol. A sample of 82 health states were valued and several regression models were estimated
to produce preference weights to predict health state values for all states defined by the modified classification system.
Estimations at the individual level were performed using 950 health state valuations. Models were analyzed in terms of logical
consistency of coefficients, overall fit and predictive ability and were compared to Portuguese SF-6D models. The additional
severity levels included in the modified classification system have significant decrements in health state values. These additional
severity levels do not significantly impact on the modelled preference weights (the regression coefficients) of other levels
across all dimensions. This feasibility study modified the SF-6D to reduce the floor effect. This study presents one option
and further research in this area is encouraged. 相似文献
383.
Mary A. Hermann Jolie Ziomek‐Daigle Donna J. Dockery 《Adultspan: Theory Research & Practice》2014,13(2):109-119
Female professors with children continue to experience institutional and cultural barriers in academia. This article situates the experiences of counselor educator mothers in the context of current trends in academia and research related to mothers in the workforce. 相似文献
384.
Judith L. Fischer Helyne I. Frederick Sylvia Niehuis Donna Sollie Rachel Engler Jordan Melinda Corwin 《The journal of positive psychology》2014,9(4):350-365
This study addressed: (a) whether any changes in well-being over time could be attributed to participants’ aging or to economic or historical events; (b) whether predictors (e.g. age, religiosity, and financial status) were similarly associated with well-being in cohorts of college seniors assessed at different times; and (c) whether predictors of well-being were similar for the same cohort over a 25-year time span. Using three cohorts of emerging adults (1982, n?=?189; 2007, n?=?188; and 2010, n?=?79) and a subsample of the 1982 cohort followed across 25?years (n?=?83), the findings indicated that well-being declined over time, possibly due to historical influences rather than changes associated with aging. Well-being was similarly predicted by religiosity, relationship status, and financial status across cohorts. Longitudinal analyses indicated that earlier religiosity was inversely associated with later financial status and later financial status was associated with higher well-being. 相似文献
385.
Arshiya A. Baig Cara A. Locklin Abigail E. Wilkes Donna Dempsey Oborski John C. Acevedo Rita Gorawara-Bhat Michael T. Quinn Deborah L. Burnet Marshall H. Chin 《Journal of religion and health》2014,53(1):105-118
Churches provide an innovative and underutilized setting for diabetes self-management programs for Latinos. This study sought to formulate a conceptual framework for designing church-based programs that are tailored to the needs of the Latino community and that utilize church strengths and resources. To inform this model, we conducted six focus groups with mostly Mexican-American Catholic adults with diabetes and their family members (N = 37) and found that participants were interested in church-based diabetes programs that emphasized information sharing, skills building, and social networking. Our model demonstrates that many of these requested components can be integrated into the current structure and function of the church. However, additional mechanisms to facilitate access to medical care may be necessary to support community members’ diabetes care. 相似文献
386.
Terri Landon Bacow PhD Jill Ehrenreich May PhD Molly Choate-Summers PhD Donna B. Pincus PhD Sara G. Mattis PhD 《Child & family behavior therapy》2013,35(4):322-333
This study examined the concordance (or synchrony/desynchrony) between adolescents' self-reports of anxiety and physiological measures of arousal (heart rate) both prior to and after treatment for panic disorder. Results indicated a decline in reported subjective units of distress (SUDS) for the treatment group only at the post-treatment measurement for two of three tasks. Within the treatment group, heart rate changes during the Behavioral Approach Test (BAT) were observed following treatment for one task only. Implications of this apparent desynchrony between self-report and physiological measures in adolescent panic disorder are discussed, with cognitive changes in participants' perception of anxiety after treatment suggested as an important factor in recovery. 相似文献
387.
This paper reports on the psychometric properties of the Social Phobic Inventory (SoPhI) a 21-item scale that was designed to measure social anxiety according to the criteria of DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, APA (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder , 4th Edn., Washington). Factor analysis of the SoPhI using data from a clinical sample of respondents with social phobia revealed one factor which explained approximately 59% of variance and which demonstrated strong internal reliability ( f = 0.93). The SoPhI demonstrated concurrent validity with the SPAI ( r = 0.86) and convergent validity with the Fear of Negative Evaluations-Revised ( r = 0.68). The predictive utility of the scale was demonstrated in a sample of university students classified as extroverted, normal, shy/introverted, and phobic/withdrawn ( m 2 57%). Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) revealed that the combined university sample differed from the clinical sample on the summated scores on the SoPhI and that 43% ( m 2 ) of this difference was attributable to group membership. This figure rose to 58% attributable to group membership when these same groups were compared for differences on the 21 individual items. Scores of the SoPhI that are indicative of concern and of possible diagnostic criteria, as well as suggestions for future research, are discussed. 相似文献
388.
Guadalupe Espinoza Audrey Hokoda Emilio C. Ulloa Monica D. Ulibarri Donna Castañeda 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(7):721-738
Teen relationship violence is a global phenomenon associated with adverse outcomes. As in other countries, teen relationship violence is of concern in Mexico. However, few studies have examined the risk and protective factors of teen relationship violence among Mexican adolescents. This study examined whether patriarchal beliefs and exposure to authoritarian parenting among Mexican adolescents are associated with perpetration and victimization of physical and verbal-emotional teen relationship violence. Two hundred and four students (15–18 years old) from Monterrey, Mexico, completed questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analyses controlling for age revealed that among girls, authoritarian parenting was associated with physical and verbal-emotional victimization and verbal-emotional violence perpetration. Among boys, higher endorsement of patriarchal beliefs was associated with lower reports of physical perpetration and physical victimization. 相似文献
389.
390.
This experiment addresses the question of what makes a working memory measure a good predictor of higher‐level abilities. Verbal and visuospatial processing episodes were interleaved with distinct verbal and visuospatial storage episodes to form four complex span tasks. Although these measures were reliable predictors of reading and mathematics ability in children, they were no more predictive of these abilities than corresponding simple span tasks involving storage alone. However, when individual differences in storage ability and processing capacity were controlled for, residual variance in complex span performance was related to academic ability in some cases. These findings indicate that complex span tasks are multiply determined, and that differences in task structure can dramatically influence the relative importance of these multiple constraints and the predictive power of a complex span measure. 相似文献