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221.
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A great deal has been written about the nature of borderline personality. We maintain that borderline psychopathology emanates from particular disturbances in mental representations-impairment in the ability to maintain and use benign and integrated internal images of self and others-and that these troubled ways of thinking drive the troubled interpersonal relations, affective instability, and impulsivity associated with borderline. Aspects of borderline self-other representational disturbances are present across a wide theoretical spectrum, and a number of research methodologies already exist to assess the phenomena. We conclude that borderline attributes exist on continua, and summarize important features as: (1) unstable mental images of self and others, often marked by self-loathing and attributions of malevolence to others; (2) interactions with others organized around a fundamental need for care that is felt to be necessary for basic functioning; (3) fear of others based on expectations of being mistreated and disappointed and/or terror of having one's identity subsumed by another person; (4) difficulty considering multiple and/or conflicting perspectives, with a tendency toward concrete, all-or-none, or black-and-white, thinking and distortion of reality; and (5) sadomasochistic interpersonal interactions in which a person alternatively inflicts suffering on others and suffers at the hands of others. 相似文献
223.
Supporting teacher use of interventions: effects of response dependent performance feedback on teacher implementation of a math intervention 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Donna Gilbertson Joseph C. Witt Lynn LaFleur Singletary Amanda VanDerHeyden 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2007,16(4):311-326
This study examined general education teachers’ implementation of a peer tutoring intervention for five elementary students
referred for consultation and intervention due to academic concerns. Treatment integrity was assessed via permanent products
produced by the intervention. Following verbal instructions, intervention implementation by four teachers was consistently
low or exhibited a downward trend whereas one teacher’s moderate implementation co-occurred with student gains. When classroom
training was conducted with four teachers exhibiting low integrity, all teachers improved implementation. After accurately
implementing the intervention for three training sessions with classroom training, response dependent performance feedback
was provided when teachers independently used the intervention below 100% integrity, as determined by review of permanent
products. With response dependent performance feedback, three of the four teachers implemented the intervention at levels
above the verbal training performance, whereas implementation for one teacher increased following discussion of an upcoming
school team meeting. Student math scores improved during intervention. 相似文献
224.
Withdrawal from cocaine self-administration produces long-lasting deficits in orbitofrontal-dependent reversal learning in rats
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Calu DJ Stalnaker TA Franz TM Singh T Shaham Y Schoenbaum G 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2007,14(5):325-328
Drug addicts make poor decisions. These decision-making deficits have been modeled in addicts and laboratory animals using reversal-learning tasks. However, persistent reversal-learning impairments have been shown in rats and monkeys only after noncontingent cocaine injections. Current thinking holds that to represent the human condition effectively, animal models of addiction must utilize self-administration procedures in which drug is earned contingently; thus, it remains unclear whether reversal-learning deficits caused by noncontingent cocaine exposure are relevant to addiction. To test whether reversal learning deficits are caused by contingent cocaine exposure, we trained rats to self-administer cocaine, assessed cue-induced cocaine seeking in extinction tests after 1 and 30 d of withdrawal, and then tested for reversal learning more than a month later. We found robust time-dependent increases in cue-induced cocaine seeking in the two extinction tests (incubation of craving) and severe reversal-learning impairments. 相似文献
225.
The point estimate of sample coefficient alpha may provide a misleading impression of the reliability of the test score. Because sample coefficient alpha is consistently biased downward, it is more likely to yield a misleading impression of poor reliability. The magnitude of the bias is greatest precisely when the variability of sample alpha is greatest (small population reliability and small sample size). Taking into account the variability of sample alpha with an interval estimator may lead to retaining reliable tests that would be otherwise rejected. Here, the authors performed simulation studies to investigate the behavior of asymptotically distribution-free (ADF) versus normal-theory interval estimators of coefficient alpha under varied conditions. Normal-theory intervals were found to be less accurate when item skewness >1 or excess kurtosis >1. For sample sizes over 100 observations, ADF intervals are preferable, regardless of item skewness and kurtosis. A formula for computing ADF confidence intervals for coefficient alpha for tests of any size is provided, along with its implementation as an SAS macro. 相似文献
226.
This paper investigates whether social anxiety and loneliness lead to contrasting beliefs and preferences among cell phone users towards texting and talking on their cell phones. Three hypotheses are examined: (1) that social anxiety and loneliness are differentially associated with generalized preferences either for texting or for talking on the cell phone, (2) that these preferences are linked to contrasting beliefs concerning the social functionality of the short message service (SMS), and (3) that these divergent beliefs mediate the effects of social anxiety and loneliness on cell phone users' generalized preferences for texting or talking. Results from an Internet questionnaire (N=158) showed that, whilst lonely participants preferred making voice calls and rated texting as a less intimate method of contact, anxious participants preferred to text, and rated it a superior medium for expressive and intimate contact. These divergent beliefs accounted for 36% and 16% of the variance in preference for texting and voice calls, respectively, and significantly attenuated the influence of loneliness and social anxiety when they were added to the regression equations for these measures. Results are discussed in terms of the hyperpersonal possibilities of mobile communications technologies. 相似文献
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228.
This foray into largely uncharted psychoanalytic territory addresses Ron Bodansky’s question about what siblings have to do with psychological survival and healing in situations of extreme developmental trauma. This article speculates that, except when psychological organization has been destroyed at an age when before sibling connections become relevant—see “Fear of Breakdown” (Winnicott, 1974)—siblings can both transmit timeless intergenerational trauma within a generation, and contribute to the survival of such damage. Sketches from clinical work, as well as from the Wittgenstein and Bonhoeffer families, illustrate these possibilities. A further conjecture suggests that sibling countertransferences contain the same two possibilities. Others may wish to extend or dispute these speculations. 相似文献
229.
A. Stephen Lenz Rebecca Taylor Molly Fleming Nina Serman 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2014,92(1):26-35
This study evaluated the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for treating eating disorder episodes and co‐occurring depression symptoms among individuals diagnosed with eating disorders. Separate meta‐analytic procedures for between‐groups and single‐group studies were conducted and yielded large effect sizes, indicating that DBT may be efficacious for decreasing disordered episodes among women diagnosed with eating disorders; medium to large effect sizes were noted for treating depression symptoms. Implications for evidence‐supported practice and study limitations are discussed. 相似文献
230.
Lantz Fleming Miller 《Science and engineering ethics》2014,20(4):1011-1025
Philosophers, scientists, and other researchers have increasingly characterized humanity as having reached an epistemic and technical stage at which “we can control our own evolution.” Moral–philosophical analysis of this outlook reveals some problems, beginning with the vagueness of “we.” At least four glosses on “we” in the proposition “we, humanity, control our evolution” can be made: “we” is the bundle of all living humans, a leader guiding the combined species, each individual acting severally, or some mixture of these three involving a market interpretation of future evolutionary processes. While all of these glosses have difficulties under philosophical analysis, how we as a species handle our fate via technical developments is all-important. I propose our role herein should be understood as other than controllers of our evolution. 相似文献