阅读理解中的预期推理

从工作记忆能力的个体差异的角度,探讨阅读描述日常生活事件的段落时预期推理过程的资源分配特点,及其与阅读焦点转移的关系。结果表明,（１）预期推理可以维持较长时间。（２）工作记忆能力强的被试进行预期推理的范围较广;而工作记忆能力较弱的被试推理范围较小。（３）工作记忆能力较弱者对每一个项目的激活量较大。（４）对于非常熟悉的事件,预期推理不受焦点转移的影响。     

韦伯比的拟合公式

本文以神经生理学为基础,结合感官具有调节和比较两功能的实用性,建立起刺激在大脑皮层上引起感知效应Ｅ的数学模型：Ｅ＝Ｂｌｏｇ（１＋ｋＩ）,其中ｋ＝Ｉ￣（－ｂ）／ａ。从此出发,可推出中等以上刺激的差别阈判据：△ＥＭ＝恒量。将此判据推广到弱刺激,即得到差别阈的普适规律：△Ｉ／（Ｉ＋ａＩ￣ｂ）＝Ｎ,亦即韦伯定律的修订公式。从弱到强的广大刺激范围内,它都能与实验数据拟合良好。     

Retest stability of DSM-III-R diagnoses among adolescents using the diagnostic interview schedule for children (DISC-2.1C)

Retest stability of DSM-III-R diagnoses was assessed using the DISC-2.1C with a sample of Anglo, African, and Hispanic American adolescent patients 12 to 17 years of age. Based on the kappa statistic, retest stability was fair for any disorder ( =.50), for any anxiety disorder ( =.44), for any affective disorder ( =.53), for any disruptive behavior disorder ( =.58), and for substance use disorders ( =.46). Although there was a trend for reliability to be somewhat higher for African Americans ( =.58) than for Anglos ( =.42) or Hispanics ( =.49), these differences were not statistically significant. In general, 15- to 17-year-olds had somewhat better reliability ( =.58) than did 12- to 14-year-olds ( =.44). Males had somewhat higher reliability ( =.63) than females ( =.43). These findings are congruent with those reported recently using the DISC-R (Schwab-Stone et al., 1993) and suggest that the DISC appears to be at least as reliable as other available child diagnostic instruments. In view of the fair-to-moderate levels of reliability of these instruments in general, future research should focus on the joint effects of instrument, subject, interviewer, and nomenclature on operating characteristics of diagnostic interview schedules, focusing in particular on factors affecting accurate recall and reporting of symptoms and episodes. This research was supported in part by grants MH44214 and MH44773 from the National Institute of Mental Health, and by the Hogg Foundation for Mental Health. The authors wish to acknowledge the participation and collaboration of A. J. Pumariega, J. W. Swanson, and C. E. Holzer III and staff of the Center for Cross-Cultural Research, directed by F. M. Treviño.     

汉语语义记忆提取的初步研究

对汉语语义记忆的提取进行了两个实验。实验1是自由联想实验,从十三个句子中选出二十三个词作为刺激词。结果表明,以两词间所保持的常识关系来定义的语义距离,对预测自由联想的作业是有效的。实验2采用反应时技术,对真假命题判断及信息提取的时间进行了考查。实验结果与A.M.Collins等人的结果一致,说明了存储于网络不同水平上的句子其提取时间不同这一事实。结果还表明,在信息提取阶段上,汉字字形的作用不是一个重要的因素。     

Sex-role orientation,intimacy of topic,and target person differences in self-disclosure among women

Sex Roles - The focus of the present study was self-disclosure patterns of young women in three types of close relationships: same-sex friend, opposite-sex friend, and romantic partner. The...     

妄想型与非妄想型精神分裂症唤醒水平(皮肤电反应)的初步探讨

问 题 机体如果连续处于高唤醒水平,就会出现中枢神经系统兴奋-抑制关系紊乱的现象。一般的后果是抑制机制受损害而产生中枢性调节障碍(Malmo 1959)。在行为上,唤醒水平表现为机体作出反应、准备行动的能量动员水平。对精神病人唤醒水平的研究     

Sex roles and the link between fertility and employment

Using a sample of Toronto women, we reexamine the relationship between employment and fertility with the aim of clarifying whether employment status is negatively related to the birth rate only among certain categories of women as defined by sex roles. Especially noteworthy is the finding that employed wives who rate their performance as a spouse and mother as better than most have a birth rate which is as high as that for women who are not in the labor force.The authors are indebted to David Johnson, Susan Welch, and Lynn White of the University of Nebraska, and Gordon Irving of Carleton University for their comments on an earlier version of this article. The views expressed here are the authors' and not those of the Ministry of State for Urban Affairs, Government of Canada, which provided funds to conduct the study of urban crowding from which the data reported here were drawn.     

初中代数“有理数”程序教学实验研究

本研究对程序教学与传统教学的效果作了对比。研究表明,程序教学可以缩短学习时间、提高学习效果、激发学习动机,有助于自学能力的培养。如果程序教材能够符合学生的认识规律,在教材中尽量增加启发因素,那么程序教学对于思惟能力的培养也可以起到积极的作用。     

文昌鱼的光动反应

文昌鱼的中枢神经系统早在上个世纪就受到神经解剖学家们的注意。这是因为它代表着动物演化上的一个很典型的阶段。在这个阶段,动物身体的背侧开始有了神经管。这个神经管在外形上很象脊椎动物胚胎初期形成的神经管,其内部的神经组织也较简单。此外,正如神经管初成阶段的脊椎动物胚胎一样,文昌鱼还不具备发育的和特异