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111.
Sullivan AR 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2010,49(4):740-753
Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, I examine the relationship between adult mortality and religious affiliation. I test whether mortality differences associated with religious affiliation can be attributed to differences in socioeconomic status (years of education and household wealth), attendance at religious services, or health behaviors, particularly cigarette and alcohol consumption. A baseline report of attendance at religious services is used to avoid confounding effects of deteriorating health. Socioeconomic status explains some but not all of the mortality difference. While Catholics, Evangelical Protestants, and Black Protestants benefit from favorable attendance patterns, attendance (or lack of) at services explains much of the higher mortality of those with no religious preference. Health behaviors do not mediate the relationship between mortality and religion, except among Evangelical Protestants. Not only does religion matter, but studies examining the effect of "religiosity" need to consider differences by religious affiliation. 相似文献
112.
Amori Yee Mikami Allison Jack Christina C. Emeh Haley F. Stephens 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(6):721-736
We examined associations between children’s peer relationships and (a) their parents’ social competence as well as (b) their
parents’ behaviors during the children’s peer interactions. Participants were families of 124 children ages 6–10 (68% male),
62 with ADHD and 62 age- and sex-matched comparison youth. Children’s peer relationships were assessed via parent and teacher
report, and sociometric nominations in a lab-based playgroup. Parental characteristics were assessed via parent self-report
and observations of behavior during their child’s playgroup. After statistical control of relevant covariates, parents of
children with ADHD reported poorer social skills of their own, arranged fewer playdates for their children, and displayed
more criticism during their child’s peer interaction than did parents of comparison youth. Parents’ socialization with other
parents and facilitation of the child’s peer interactions predicted their children having good peer relationships as reported
by teachers and peers, whereas parental corrective feedback to the child and praise predicted poor peer relationships. Parents’
ratings of their child’s social skills were positively associated with ratings of their own social skills, but negatively
associated with criticism and facilitation of the child’s peer interactions. Relationships between parental behaviors and
peer relationships were stronger for youth with ADHD than for comparison youth. The relevance of findings to interventions
is discussed. 相似文献
113.
Emotion influences memory in many ways. For example, when a mood-dependent processing shift is operative, happy moods promote
global processing and sad moods direct attention to local features of complex visual stimuli. We hypothesized that an emotional
context associated with to-be-learned facial stimuli could preferentially promote global or local processing. At learning,
faces with neutral expressions were paired with a narrative providing either a happy or a sad context. At test, faces were
presented in an upright or inverted orientation, emphasizing configural or analytical processing, respectively. A recognition
advantage was found for upright faces learned in happy contexts relative to those in sad contexts, whereas recognition was
better for inverted faces learned in sad contexts than for those in happy contexts. We thus infer that a positive emotional
context prompted more effective storage of holistic, configural, or global facial information, whereas a negative emotional
context prompted relatively more effective storage of local or feature-based facial information 相似文献
114.
Previous accounts of the memory distortion known as the change-of-standard effect hypothesize that participants form a relative impression of a target at encoding and later use that impression with the average
of all items to recall the target (Higgins & Lurie, 1983). In three experiments, we investigated the standard and the integration
of the standard with the relative impression. Experiments 1 and 2 show that participants’ subjective average at recall is
distorted toward recent stimuli: It is computed when required and is therefore affected by the items’ accessibility at that
time. Furthermore, the impression’s influence on recall is relatively small when the context changes between encoding and
decoding. Experiment 3 shows that this change in the impression’s influence occurs only when the participant integrates information
across sessions, suggesting that such tasks make participants aware of the changed context and cause them to adjust the use
of their impression in recalling the target. 相似文献
115.
Anna Goodman Donna L. Lamping George B. Ploubidis 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(8):1179-1191
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a widely used child mental health questionnaire with five hypothesised
subscales. There is theoretical and preliminary empirical support for combining the SDQ’s hypothesised emotional and peer
subscales into an ‘internalizing’ subscale and the hypothesised behavioral and hyperactivity subscales into an ‘externalizing’
subscale (alongside the fifth prosocial subscale). We examine this using parent, teacher and youth SDQ data from a representative
sample of 5–16 year olds in Britain (N = 18,222). Factor analyses generally supported second-order internalizing and externalizing factors, and the internalizing
and externalizing subscales showed good convergent and discriminant validity across informants and with respect to clinical
disorder. By contrast, discriminant validity was poorer between the emotional and peer subscales and between the behavioral,
hyperactivity and prosocial subscales. This applied particularly to children with low scores on those subscales. We conclude
that there are advantages to using the broader internalizing and externalizing SDQ subscales for analyses in low-risk samples,
while retaining all five subscales when screening for disorder. 相似文献
116.
Donna Coffey 《Science as culture》2013,22(2):259-290
Essay review of Reclaiming Reality, by Roy Bhaskar, London: Verso, 1989, 218 pages, pb £10.95. 相似文献
117.
Although Gerhardt's commentary points to substantial points of agreement between us—the claim that human being is embodied being, the critique of rationalisms, and the resistance to relativisms—we also have important differences. The chief of these, from my point of view, concern (1) the functions of theoretical language, (2) the level of commitment psychoanalysts owe to traditional language for the sake of community and continuity, and (3) the issue of reification. My reply suggests that Gerhardt has confused the functions of expressive and theoretical language; that, for the sake of a “gossipy connection,” she seems to deprive the psychoanalytic community of the self-reflective criticism of its own shared assumptions; and that there is a difference between metaphor and the misplaced concreteness that is sometimes called reification. 相似文献
118.
Donna Bassin Ph.D. 《Psychoanalytic Dialogues》2013,23(6):707-718
The author examines, contextualizes, and elaborates upon Slochower's psychoanalytic exploration of commemorative rituals and, more specifically, the Jewish tradition of Yitzor as well as upon Impert and Rubin's understanding of embodied nostalgic reminiscences, considering them within a therapeutic context for the mourner entering into the clinical situation. Slochower's experience with commemorative rituals as facilitating environments for the restoration or support of potential space and memorial activity suggests that they can aid in the re-construction and re-shaping of emotional memory, going beyond a notion of “working through.” Impert and Rubin suggest that generative nostalgic reminisces, a soma-sensory based form of memory that holds the potential for activating arrested mourning, may be clinically usefully in awakening dormant or dissociated grief so that patients can access mourning. Extending upon these contributions, the author further considers the possibility that mourning might be more usefully conceived as processes of transformational work for which a fixed resolution or outcome is neither proscribed nor prescribed. This transformational work may be seen, in part, as ongoing cycles of self-surrender to the mourner's swirling constructions of attachments lost, re-found, re-remembered, and re-conceived. 相似文献
119.
Donna Klinefelter David L. Pancoast Robert P. Archer Doyle L. Pruitt 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(1-2):379-389
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory (MMPI) norms developed by Marks and Briggs (1967/1972) have served as the standard adolescent norms used for over 10 years. Additional adolescent, norms, have recently been produced by Gottesman, Hanson, Kroeker, and Briggs (1987) and by Colligan and Offord (1989), thereby providing MMPI users with a potential choice of adolescent norms. Our study examines the effects of these adolescent norm sets on single-scale and profile elevations. In addition, we examine the ability of these norm sets to generate T-score values that would serve to discriminate accurately among adolescents in outpatient (n = 100), inpatient (n = 100), and normal (n = 100) settings. Results indicated teat the choice of adolescent norms resulted in important differences in profile elevation. Findings from the discriminant function analyses, however, indicated that these normative sets were roughly equivalent in discriminating among adolescents in the three settings. 相似文献
120.
Although numerous studies have attempted to understand the causes of various forms of police misconduct, there is still no clear theoretical explanation of police misbehavior. Akers’ social learning theory posits that peer associations, attitudes, reinforcement, and modeling are predictors of delinquency and crime in general. With this article, we seek to determine if the theory can account for police deviance. Data from a random sample of Philadelphia police officers are used to examine how officer attitudes and perceptions of peer behavior are related to citizen complaints of police misconduct. Findings suggest that social learning theory provides a useful explanation of police misconduct. 相似文献