父母行为控制、心理控制与青少年早期攻击和社会退缩的关系

考察父母行为和心理控制与青少年早期攻击和社会退缩有无特异性联系、是否存在非线性关系、是否以情绪调节策略(认知重评和表达抑制)作为中介。694名青少年(平均年龄13.67岁)完成了父母控制问卷、情绪调节量表、青少年攻击以及社会退缩量表。结果表明:(1)行为控制和心理控制均与两类结果有关,未表现出"一对一"的特异性联系;(2)行为控制与两类结果呈倒U型曲线关系,心理控制与两类结果呈线性关系;(3)认知重评在心理控制与攻击之间具有部分中介作用,表达抑制在心理控制与社会退缩之间具有部分中介作用。     

感恩及其与幸福感的关系

感恩是当前积极心理学的热点课题, 是指个体用感激情绪了解或回应因他人的恩惠或帮助而使自己获得积极经验或结果的一种人格特质。感恩对于个体幸福感具有独特的预测作用, 中介模式和调节模式两种理论对其影响机制进行了解释。感恩干预可有效增加个体感恩水平, 进而提升幸福感, 其策略主要包括感恩记录、感恩沉思和表达感恩行为等。明晰感恩的概念与结构、完善测量工具、拓展并深化中介与调节机制、发展有效的干预策略、开展儿童青少年研究, 以及跨文化或本土化研究是该领域未来重要的研究方向。     

宣传科学无神论的好教材--读《科学无神论》(大中小学系列读本)有感

拿到《科学无神论》(大中小学系列读本) 后,一口气将其中的小学生、中学生读本读完,然 后把小学生读本拿给上小学四年级的儿子,看到他 也深深的被书中的章节所吸引。我相信这是一套适 合孩子们阅读的、宣传科学知识的好书:一套有益 于孩子们树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观的, 有益于他们成长的好书。     

方以智"密衍"思想发微

方以智易学中的"密衍"思想,主要体现在"<河图>变<洛书>"的过程中,认为<河图>强调五行相生,而<洛书>强调五行相克,二者展示了儒家所推崇的生生之德.由"金火易位"出发,方以智等人深化了对"五行尊火为宗"与"金生水"等命题的认识,形成了较为系统的全新观念.     

礼仪中的鲜花——试析佛教建筑中的花卉母题

在中、印很多古代石窟或寺院建筑的屋顶、立柱等部位,经常会看到很多花卉图案,笔者认为它与佛教的一项重要礼仪,即散花供养密切相关。本文从经典出发,阐明散花供养在佛教中的重要作用,并结合中、印石窟建筑以及斯里兰卡地面寺院建筑的具体实例,探讨散花礼仪在建筑中的体现及其功能。     

Risk-Taking and Creativity: Convergent,but Not Divergent Thinking Is Better in Low-Risk Takers

The relationship between risk-taking and creativity is critical to understanding social harmony and innovation. Although some studies have assessed the link between risk-taking and divergent thinking, the association between risk-taking and convergent thinking remains unclear. Two studies were conducted to systemically investigate whether risk-taking is linked to convergent thinking. In Study 1, a sample of 127 healthy participants performed a Chinese remote associate test (RAT) and completed a risk-taking questionnaire. As predicted, risk-taking was negatively correlated with RAT performance, implying that risk-taking has a negative association with convergent thinking. Study 2 was an online survey study that replicated Study 1 and extended the measures to include self-rated risk and a measure of divergent thinking (the alternate uses task). The findings were fully replicated, showing that low risk-taking goes with better convergent thinking and risk-taking was not significantly correlated with divergent thinking. Furthermore, the risk-taking/convergent-thinking relationship was best described by a linear regression model in both studies. Taken together, these results suggest that appropriate reductions in risk-taking can boost convergent thinking.     

Vocabulary growth rate from preschool to school‐age years is reflected in the connectivity of the arcuate fasciculus in 14‐year‐old children

The acquisition of language involves the functional specialization of several cortical regions. Connectivity between these brain regions may also change with the development of language. Various studies have demonstrated that the arcuate fasciculus was essential for language function. Vocabulary learning is one of the most important skills in language acquisition. In the present longitudinal study, we explored the influence of vocabulary development on the anatomical properties of the arcuate fasciculus. Seventy‐nine Chinese children participated in this study. Between age 4 and age 10, they were administered the same vocabulary task repeatedly. Following a previous study, children's vocabulary developmental trajectories were clustered into three subgroups (consistently good, catch‐up, consistently poor). At age 14, diffusion tensor imaging data were collected. Using ROI‐based tractography, the anterior, posterior and direct segments of the bilateral arcuate fasciculus were delineated in each child's native space. Group comparisons showed a significantly reduced fractional anisotropy in the left arcuate fasciculus of children in the consistently poor group, in particular in the posterior and direct segments of the arcuate fasciculus. No group differences were observed in the right hemisphere, nor in the left anterior segment. Further regression analyses showed that the rate of vocabulary development, rather than the initial vocabulary size, was a specific predictor of the left arcuate fasciculus connectivity.     

The role of the oath in credibility assessment

Based on the adaptive lie detector theory, this study is an examination of whether taking an oath, as context‐general information, increases the credibility of a suspect. The consistency of the testimonies of 6 eyewitnesses was manipulated so that it could be used as individuating information. There were 2 sets of testimonies: one that was consistent and one that was inconsistent. The results supported the adaptive lie detector theory. The participants judged those persons who took an oath to be more credible than those who did not, but this only happened in situations where the testimonies of the eyewitnesses were inconsistent. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings and future directions are then discussed.