Catastrophizing,Depression and Anxiety During Pregnancy: Relation Between Lumbopelvic Pain and Physical/Social Functioning

Catastrophizing, a cognitive behavioral aspect of pain, is defined as an excessively negative orientation against a noxious stimulus. The primary goal of the present study is to assess the association between catastrophizing and lumbopelvic pain intensity during the pregnancy period, the secondary goal is to explore the variation of pain catastrophizing, anxiety and depression, and the tertiary goal is to investigate the relationship between catastrophizing and quality of life. After approval, pregnant women with lumbopelvic pain were invited to join in the study. During admission, participants were asked to complete questionnaires including Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Short Form-36. Age, gravida, parity, number of abortus, number of live-births and the pain intensity score were recorded. A total of 429 women were enrolled in the study. Pain catastrophizing scores showed a fluctuation during pregnancy, and were significantly correlated with the scores of Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Visual Analog Scale, and Short Form-36 sub-scales including social functioning, vitality, physical functioning and mental health. The present study demonstrated that catastrophizing level shows an alteration throughout the pregnancy period, and variation in catastrophizing shows an approximately similar course with pain intensity, depression and anxiety.     

Parents’ attitudes toward the perceived usefulness of Internet-related instruction in preschools

Integrating Internet-related applications into preschool instructional activities can enable children to develop multiple aspects of their learning abilities as well as their cognitive, affective, and relevant skills. Because of the trends toward an Internet society and parents’ expectations from preschools, many teachers have considered parents’ perceptions about the usefulness of the Internet in daily life and in workplace settings. This study examined the impacts of parents’ attitudes toward Internet use and their expectations of preschools to use Internet-related applications. We administered a questionnaire in Taiwan comprising five factors: usefulness, work value, preschool expectations, teacher competence, and learning performance. The survey data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that parents perceived the Internet as an innovative and useful tool that enhances their lives and improves their work performance. Their perceptions toward the usefulness and work value of Internet-related practices positively influenced their attitudes toward preschool expectations, and acknowledge the pedagogical advantages associated with integrating Internet-related applications into teaching for developing young children’s learning abilities. The implications of the findings are also discussed in this paper.     

A Polytomous Model of Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment for Graded Data

Pursuing the line of the difference models in IRT (Thissen &; Steinberg, 1986 Thissen, D., &; Steinberg, L. (1986). A taxonomy of item response models. Psychometrika, 51:567–577. doi:10.1007/BF02295596.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), this article proposed a new cognitive diagnostic model for graded/polytomous data based on the deterministic input, noisy, and gate (Haertel, 1989 Haertel, E. H. (1989). Using restricted latent class models to map the skill structure of achievement items. Journal of Educational Measurement, 26, 333–352. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1989.tb00336.x.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Junker &; Sijtsma, 2001 Junker, B. W., &; Sijtsma, K. (2001). Cognitive assessment models with few assumptions, and connections with nonparametric item response theory. Applied Psychological Measurement, 25, 258–272. doi:10.1177/01466210122032064.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), which is named the DINA model for graded data (DINA-GD). We investigated the performance of a full Bayesian estimation of the proposed model. In the simulation, the classification accuracy and item recovery for the DINA-GD model were investigated. The results indicated that the proposed model had acceptable examinees' correct attribute classification rate and item parameter recovery. In addition, a real-data example was used to illustrate the application of this new model with the graded data or polytomously scored items.     

一种简单有效的Q矩阵估计方法开发：基于非参数化方法视角

摘要：Q矩阵是认知诊断的基础,错误的Q矩阵会影响参数估计和被试诊断正确率,开发一种简单而有效的Q矩阵估计方法有助于Q矩阵的正确界定。相对于参数化的Q矩阵估计方法,本研究将海明距离（Hamming Distance,HD）用于Q矩阵估计,开发出一种简单有效的非参数化的Q矩阵估计方法。采用Monte Carlo模拟方法与实证研究相结合的研究范式,对该方法的科学性与合理性及其效果进行研究,研究结果发现（1）基于海明距离的Q矩阵估计法具有较高的估计正确率,并且该方法不受被试样本容量影响。（2）该方法简单易懂,运算时间短,是一种简单而有效的Q矩阵估计方法。（3）新方法对于Tatsuka（1990）分数减法测验的Q矩阵的估计准确率尚可,说明新方法在实践中具有较好的潜在应用前景与应用价值。     

基于小样本容量的IRT参数估计方法比较研究

目前IRT参数估计方法的研究大多数都是基于大样本容量,而基于小样本容量的IRT参数估计方法的研究较少。通过对IRT参数估计方法的比较分析给出了基于小样本容量的IRT参数估计方法。实验数据表明,恰当的估计方法（如改进初值的BP神经网络）能大大提高小样本的参数估计精度。     

Influence of individual values on attitudes toward corruption: What undermine formal anticorruption effectiveness

The causes of corruption are often researched by scholars from the macroscopic perspectives of institutional and cultural factors. Neglected is scholarship on the relationship between individual values and corruption. People’s definitions and attitudes toward corruption are largely determined by personal values. However, scarce scholarly attention has been paid to what and how value factors exert influence on people’s attitudes toward corruption and how values moderate the relationship between the effectiveness of formal institutions against corruption and people’s anticorruption willingness. Drawing on the first‐hand survey data collected among Chinese civil servants, this research explores the impact of civil servants’ values on their tolerance towards corruption and willingness to engage in anticorruption. Adopting Hofstede’s (1984) four values model (power distance, collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity), this study reveals that respondents high on collectivism or masculinity hold higher corruption tolerance and lower willingness to participate in actions against corruption whereas uncertainty avoidance is negatively related to corruption tolerance and positively associated with the respondents’ willingness to engage in anticorruption. Furthermore, the values serve as moderating roles in the relationship between formal anticorruption effectiveness and civil servants’ willingness to engage in combating corruption. Specifically, both collectivism and masculinity dilute the positive impact of the government’s anticorruption effectiveness on anticorruption willingness.     

关于维特根斯坦《杂评》一书的翻译

前几天偶然在《世界哲学》今年第一期上看到徐志跃先生的"维特根斯担《杂评》的汉译及其宗教思想"一文,得知他对我译的《杂评》一书提出许多批评,十分高兴,也非常感谢!     

回忆《哲学译丛》的创刊与两次复刊

值此文章发表之际,《世界哲学》谨向涂纪亮先生八十华诞表示祝贺。我于1956年被调入哲学研究所。哲学所创建于1955年,隶属于中国科学院哲学社会科学学部,郭沫若院长兼任这个学部的主任,潘梓年任副主任,同时兼任哲学研究所所长,《哲学研究》主编,好像还兼任《哲学研究》编辑部主     

教师和家长关于儿童入学准备观念的调查研究

本研究对218名家长和370名教师进行了问卷调查。从身体和运动发展、情绪和社会性发展、学习方式、言语发展、认知发展和一般知识基础、家庭6个维度,考察了家长和教师对儿童入学准备的看法,并比较了家长、幼儿教师和小学教师对儿童入学准备观念的差异。结果发现:(1)整体上看,家长、幼儿教师和小学教师最重视身体健康、注意力、教养方式、自信心、学习兴趣、会听课等方面的问题;(2)幼儿教师和小学教师有关儿童入学准备的观念比较接近,而小学教师相对重视服从权威、父母教育程度、文明礼貌、自我中心和表达能力等方面的问题;幼儿教师相对重视抗挫折能力、亲子关系、学习态度、自我控制、身体健康等方面的问题;(3)家长与教师的观念在整体上存在显著差异。     

Knowledge-How and Performance Success

Anti-intellectualists claim that knowledge-how requires at least a corresponding ability or performance success that includes non-intellectual components. They argue that an insistence on the close relationship between knowledge-how and performance success is needed to account for our intuitions on the practical aspects of knowledge-how. In this paper, we examine three main anti-intellectualist proposals for what constitutes performance success, those of Hawley (2003), Noë (2005), and Kumar (2011), and argue that all of them are non-informative in a practical manner. We further point out that the problem of non-informativeness is dominant in anti-intellectualism.