Post-stroke depression as a predictor of caregivers burden of acute ischemic stroke patients in China

Our aim was to explore the independent attribution of Post-stroke depression (PSD) to caregiver burden of acute ischemic stroke patients. A cross-sectional survey was performed with 271 acute ischemic stroke patients in the Huai-He Hospital and First People’s Hospital of Kaifeng City in China. PSD was assessed by Self-rating Depressive Scale, and caregiver burden was assessed by Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview. Clustered logistic regression was applied to identify the impact of PSD on caregiver burden. As results, female patients, normal muscle strength and PSD were associated with caregiver burden. PSD correlated with an independent influence of 17.2% on the risk of caregiver burden, The independent influence of PSD on caregiver burden was smaller than that of social-demographics of caregivers and clinical factors of stroke patients This study suggests that PSD may have a modest influence on caregiver burden.     

Reexamining the linear and U‐shaped relationships between self‐control and emotional and behavioural problems

Previous studies have demonstrated a linear relationship between self‐control and emotional and behavioural problems. However, some scholars have assumed that both under‐control and over‐control may result in undesired problems, which implies a U‐shaped relationship between them. This issue was reexamined in three Chinese samples in the present study. Self‐report measures that conceptually assessed self‐control and emotional (i.e. depression and negative emotion) and behavioural (i.e. rule‐breaking behaviour, aggression and counterproductive work behaviour) problems were administered to adolescents (N = 885), university students (N = 671) and employees (N = 500). Results of piecewise linear regression show that there were significant quadratic effects of self‐control on emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents and on behavioural problems in employees, but no significant U‐shaped associations between them were found. Implications for future studies are discussed.     

Effects of perceptual and conceptual similarities on consumers' evaluations of copycat brand names

Copycats often choose brand names that mimic perceptual, conceptual, or both elements of leading brand names. Yet little is known about how perceptual and conceptual similarities of a copycat interact to affect consumers' evaluations, especially in logographic language systems (e.g., Chinese). Three laboratory experiments demonstrate that perceptual similarity alone leads to negative evaluations of copycat brand names; this negative effect, however, can be mitigated when conceptual similarity is added. The underlying mechanism for this effect can be traced to consumers' persuasion knowledge. Perceptual (vs. conceptual) similarity activates consumers' persuasion knowledge about the insincere motives of the copycat brand, which in turn shapes their brand evaluations. However, this effect can become less prominent when conceptual similarity is added because it alleviates use of persuasion knowledge, or when a consumer is in a happy mood because it neutralizes persuasion knowledge. These findings shed light on how different types of copycat strategies interact to affect copycat brand name evaluations and offer important implications for marketing practice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

老年人自尊、希望和抑郁关系的纵向研究

为考察老年人自尊、希望与抑郁间的关系,本研究对281名老年人进行为期一年的追踪调查。相关分析及纵向中介分析结果表明:(1)自尊和希望与老年人的抑郁显著负相关,老年人自尊和希望显著正相关。(2)自尊正向预测老年人的希望,老年人的希望负向预测抑郁。(3)希望在自尊对老年人抑郁的影响中起中介作用。本研究结果揭示了希望是自尊对老年人抑郁产生效应的重要机制变量。这些结果对于减缓老年人抑郁,促进老年心理健康具有一定的实践价值。     

顿悟问题解决过程中抑制解除理论有效性的实验研究

本研究以Puzzle任务为材料,对135名高二学生特定线索下的操作水平进行测查,结果表明：（1）表征的抑制解除理论对顿悟问题解决的机制具有一定的解释效力,表现为总体上经历了高操作失败次数的被试在线索敏感性上明显高于未经历操作失败次数的被试。（2）而被试在特定阶段的操作水平未出现朝向解决目标的线性增长而是出现停滞的现象证明了问题的表征复杂性对抑制解除的过程存在制约作用,使其宏观上表现为渐进-停滞-跃升的变化模式。     

医学生情绪调节方式的干预实验

采用《情绪调节习惯问卷》对某医大296名大二学生进行调查。选取其中情绪调节方式较为单一的34名学生进行干预实验,再用《情绪调节习惯问卷》和《大学生一般学业情绪问卷》考察干预效果。结果表明,医学生四种情绪调节方式（包括忽视、重视、抑制、宣泄）的使用较为均衡。实验组增加了对负性情绪的宣泄和抑制策略,其焦虑、厌烦和愉快学业情绪发生了积极转变;记忆组改善了记忆策略的同时其焦虑、羞愧和兴趣学业情绪发生了积极转变。说明情绪调节策略训练和记忆策略训练均可使医学生一些学业情绪发生积极转变,但前者效果较优。     

父母情感温暖对儿童青少年学校投入的影响:有调节的中介模型

研究探索了青少年自我管理能力在父母情感温暖与学校投入之间的中介作用,以及学校氛围对上述中介效应的调节作用。采用父母情感温暖量表、青少年自我管理量表、学校氛围量表和学校投入量表对1033名中小学生进行测查。结果表明:(1)父母情感温暖可以正向预测学校投入;(2)自我管理在其中起中介作用,即父母情感温暖可以通过自我管理间接影响学校投入;(3)父母情感温暖影响学校投入的有调节的中介模型成立,其中学校氛围在前半段和后半段路径中均起调节作用,但作用有所不同。     

大学生自我价值感与主观幸福感的关系研究

对384名大学生采用生活满意度量表、积极情感、消极情感量表和自我价值感量表进行了测试。结果表明:除个人取向的道德自我价值观外,自我价值感的三个维度和两种取向与主观幸福感的三维度之间有着显著的相关。多元回归分析后发现:总体自我价值感与主观幸福感关系密切且呈较强的间接联系,一般自我价值感与主观幸福感的回归效应最为明显。     

11-15岁学生性格发展模式的研究

本研究以776名11-15岁汉族与白族中小学生为被试,研究了学生性格发展的年龄模式.结果表明,年龄因素对学生性格发展的影响显著,在被测量的24种性格特质中,有18种特质在性质上表现为随年龄的增长而逐步提高的趋势,但是在13岁组发现特质发展的低谷.     

当代大学生自比型价值观数据的潜在结构

本研究对采自3796名在校大学生的Rokeach Value Survey自比型数据进行了因素分析和多维尺度分析。因素分析从两组价值观选项中分别获得6个双极因素,虽然内容各不相同,但均体现出个人指向-亲社会指向的特点。多维尺度分析所获得的两组选项的2维空间距离分布结果也体现类似特点,结果显示终极性价值观可分为四类,工具性价值观可分为五类。当前大学生价值观中存在着舒适的物质生活、兴奋的生活、幸福、快乐和自尊以及雄心壮志的、勇敢的和诚实的等个人取向内容占优势的可能性。在两种分析方法中,多维尺度分析更适合对自比型价值观数据潜在结构的探究。