消极刻板印象对老年人医疗决策的影响及归因偏差的作用

随着年龄的增长, 对老年人的消极刻板印象和医疗决策逐渐成为了与老年群体越来越相关的两个概念。在此背景下, 很有必要系统地探讨消极刻板印象对老年人医疗决策的效应及其机制。本研究以158名老年人为被试, 通过两个实验考察了消极刻板印象、归因偏差和老年人医疗决策质量间的关系。实验1结果发现, 消极刻板印象负向影响老年人的医疗决策质量, 同时, 归因偏差在刻板印象对老年人医疗决策质量的效应中起到中介作用。实验2结果表明, 减少归因偏差的干预控制可以有效降低刻板印象对医疗决策质量的消极效应。本研究对理解刻板印象效应机制、缓解刻板印象消极效应、以及改善老年人医疗决策质量具有一定的理论意义和实践价值。     

Satisfaction with HyFlex Teaching and Law-abiding Leadership Education in Hong Kong University Students Under COVID-19

Since the early days of COVID-19, university teaching has changed from face-to-face format to online mode. With the gradual containment of the pandemic, there is no need for school lockdown. As a result, the teaching format has changed to HyFlex mode integrating both face-to-face and online modes. Obviously, it is necessary to understand the academic quality of life among students under the Hyflex teaching mode. In this paper, we report an evaluation study on a leadership subject in Hong Kong delivered via HyFlex teaching using a post-lecture evaluation strategy. In one of the lectures, we covered law-abiding leadership in university students, including abiding by the Hong Kong National Security Law. The post-lecture evaluation showed that students generally held positive views toward the HyFlex teaching and they perceived that the subject promoted their well-being indexed by psychosocial competence. Regarding the lecture on law-abiding leadership, students agreed that the lecture promoted their psychosocial competence, personal development, knowledge about law-abiding behavior and national security (including the Hong Kong National Security Law), and readiness to serve as socially responsible leaders. Positive perceptions of the lecture design, teacher performance, lecture content of law-abiding leadership and national security, and benefits positively predicted students’ overall satisfaction with the lecture on law-abiding leadership and national security.

     

创伤个体注意控制、焦虑及情绪对闯入记忆的影响

以往研究认为认知控制在闯入记忆的发展中起一定作用。研究以83名大学生本科生为被试,采用创伤电影范式和问卷调查结合的方式,旨在考察创伤个体注意控制、焦虑及情绪对闯入记忆的影响。结果显示,注意控制、焦虑和情绪与闯入记忆相关;注意控制和观看创伤电影前的消极情绪对闯入记忆有一定的预测作用;注意控制与焦虑、情绪相关;高低注意控制组分别在焦虑、情绪上差异显著。注意控制、焦虑、创伤前负性情绪与闯入记忆相关;注意控制、创伤前负性情绪显著影响闯入记忆。 关键词：闯入记忆;注意控制;焦虑;情绪;创伤     

当代大学生价值观的离散选择模型分析

本研究使用离散选择模型方法对3,796名在校大学生的Rokeach Value Survey数据进行了分析,结果表明当代大学生在终极价值观方面最偏好合家安宁、幸福、快乐、自由和自尊,而在工具性价值方面最偏好诚实的、有能力的、负责任的和胸怀宽广的,反映了重视家庭价值,强调个人品质等传统文化特点的回归,也体现出了社会经济文化快速发展背景下的社会适应意义;女性与男性价值观偏好的基本走向差别不大,女性相对更具时代特点,男性相对更为传统;年龄因素对终极性价值观的效应相对于工具性价值观更明显.     

智力与性格因素影响汉族和白族中小学生品德发展的研究

本研究通过对448名汉族和328名白族中小学生的智力因素、性格因素与其品德发展的相关分析和方差分析,证明：（1）智力因素是影响学生品德发展的一个重要因素;（2）性格因素与学生的品德发展具有广泛的相关,品德优良学生的性格素质显著优于品德中等和品德不良的学生。     

Insulin receptor signaling in long-term memory consolidation following spatial learning

Evidence has shown that the insulin and insulin receptor (IR) play a role in cognitive function. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying insulin's action on learning and memory are not yet understood. Here we investigated changes in long-term memory-associated expression of the IR and downstream molecules in the rat hippocampus. After long-term memory consolidation following a water maze learning experience, gene expression of IR showed an up-regulation in the CA1, but a down-regulation in the CA3 region. These were correlated with a significant reduction in hippocampal IR protein levels. Learning-specific increases in levels of downstream molecules such as IRS-1 and Akt were detected in the synaptic membrane accompanied by decreases in Akt phosphorylation. Translocation of Shc protein to the synaptic membrane and activation of Erk1/2 were also observed after long-term memory formation. Despite the clear memory-correlated alterations in IR signaling pathways, insulin deficits in experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) rats induced by intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin resulted in only minor memory impairments. This may be due to higher glucose levels in the DM brain, and to compensatory mechanisms from other signaling pathways such as the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) system. Our results suggest that insulin/IR signaling plays a modulatory role in learning and memory processing, which may be compensated for by alternative pathways in the brain when an insulin deficit occurs.     

11岁和15岁儿童学习动机和数学素养的关系

选取2133名11岁和15岁学生,采用PISA测试为数学素养指标,探讨学生学习动机的不同维度与数学素养之间的关系。结果发现：（1）11岁学生的内部动机明显地强于15岁学生。（2）11岁学生内部动机中的挑战性动机与数学素养间的相关程度明显弱于15岁学生。（3）11岁高数学素养的学生组,数学素养和内、外学习动机有明显的相关,低数学素养学生组两者则不相关;对于15岁低数学素养的学生组,数学素养得分和内、外部学习动机有明显的相关,高数学素养学生组两者则不相关。     

自信社会认知的自我-同学目标比较分析

本研究对大学生自信社会认知进行计量和非计量的自我一同学目标比较.自信水平报告和自信社会比较的分析表明:自信水平报告自我目标低于同学目标;自信水平报告的自我一同学比较与自我一同学自信社会比较之间并不完全一致;积极的比较关系和不稳定的自信反身意识是大学生自信水平社会认知的特点.自信内容重要性的分析表明:被肯定的自信特征内容包括自我调节、自我完善及有所作为等,被否定的则包括外貌仪表、伴侣家庭、未知领域及对问题的思考等.同时,自我目标自信内容结构相比同学目标更为分化和均衡,同学目标结构是相对简约便利.整个研究表明,两类目标具有不同的自信社会认知模式.     

面部表情的跨文化表达与识别研究述评

近年来面部表情的跨文化研究显示出更多的跨文化一致性和差异性证据。自发面部表情的表达和识别、组内优势效应以及面部表情信息的上下不对称性已成为该领域的研究热点。方言理论、中国民间模型和EMPATH模型从三种不同的角度对面部表情跨文化研究的结果进行了理论解释。而表达规则和解码规则以及语言效应是面部表情跨文化表达与识别的重要影响因素。今后, 面部表情跨文化的表达和识别研究应更加关注面部表情特征信息和影响因素这两个方面。     

Why and when does job satisfaction promote unethical pro‐organizational behaviours? Testing a moderated mediation model

This study examined the relationship between job satisfaction and unethical pro‐organizational behaviours (UPB) by testing a moderated mediation model that focused on how employees' belongingness mediates the relationship between job satisfaction and UPB and how corporate ethical values moderate this mediated relationship. Our investigation included 369 employees from different organizations in Southeast China. The regression analysis revealed that job satisfaction positively influences UPB through belongingness. In addition, a moderated regression analysis indicated that low corporate ethical values strengthen not only the effect of belongingness on UPB but also the indirect effect of job satisfaction on UPB. These findings deepen our understanding of UPB by showing that individuals with a high level of job satisfaction are more likely to engage in UPB through belongingness when corporate ethical values are low. Finally, the theoretical and managerial implications of these results are discussed.