How expected evaluation influences creativity: Regulatory focus as moderator

Two studies investigated the effect of expected evaluation and regulatory focus on individuals’ creative performance. In both studies, first, the type of evaluation (informational versus controlling) was manipulated, and then regulatory focus was measured as an individual difference (in Study 1) or induced as a state using a pencil-and-paper maze task (in Study 2). Results provided evidence that participants who expect an informational evaluation were more likely to adopt an eager strategy; whereas participants who expected a controlling evaluation were more likely to adopt a vigilant strategy. Furthermore, participants in promotion-informational and prevention-controlling groups (regulatory fit conditions) performed more creatively than those in promotion-controlling and prevention-informational groups (regulatory non-fit conditions). In sum, the present findings contribute to a better understanding of how external evaluations and basic motivational orientations influence creative performance.     

农民工情绪性、弹性和坚韧性特质及其对心理健康的预测作用

采用"中国成年人情绪性量表""中国成年人心理弹性量表""中国成年人坚韧性量表""总体幸福感量表""SCL-10"对559名农民工进行了测试,旨在考察农民工情绪性、坚韧性和弹性特质的负载情况及其对心理健康的预测作用。结果表明,农民工的积极情绪性特质和坚韧性特质的负载量显著高于全国成年人常模,而弹性特质负载量显著低于全国成年人常模;情绪性、坚韧性和弹性特质对于主观幸福感具有显著正向预测作用,而对心理痛苦症状具有显著反向预测作用。     

Influence of school-level and family-level variables on Chinese college students’ aggression

With the frequent occurrence of campus violence, scholars have devoted increasing attention to college students’ aggression. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of aggression in Chinese university students and identify factors that could influence their aggression. We can thus find methods to reduce the incidence of college students’ aggression in the future. A multi-stage stratified sampling procedure was used to select university students (N = 4565) aged 16–25 years in Harbin. The Aggression Questionnaire, the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist and the Social Support Revalued Scale were used to collect data. Females reported lower levels of aggression than males (p < .001). A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the influence of factors of aggression, and the model was highly significant (R² = .233, Ad R² = .230, p < .01). The results show that the aggression is affected by gender, family-level and school-level variables. Aggression scores are significantly correlated with not only family-level or school-level variables independently, but their combination as well. We find that the risk factors for aggression include a dissatisfying profession, higher levels of study pressure, poor parental relationships, poor interpersonal relationships, the presence of siblings, punishment, health maladjustment, less subjective support, and lower levels of utilization of social support.     

中药复方对铅染毒大鼠学习记忆障碍的改善作用

应用行为药理学方法研究铅对大鼠学习记忆影响的可能机制,并观察中药复方（驱铅灵）对铅染毒大鼠学习记忆障碍的改善效果。结果：（1）各染毒组大鼠Morris（第一、二、三、五、七轮）测试潜伏期显著延长;记忆保持百分率显著下降。（2）治疗后中药组的大鼠Morris水迷宫第2、3轮测试潜伏期显著短于阳性对照组,记忆保持率显著大于阳性对照组。（4）EDTA组和中药组。结论：中药复方对铅染毒大鼠学习记忆障碍具有良好的改善作用。     

系统化细菌鉴定方法的探索及其启示

细菌鉴定有着悠久的历史.随着现代科学技术的快速发展,许多新方法、新技术在细菌鉴定中广泛应用,大大提高了鉴定水平.细菌鉴定技术的发展历程,引发我们探索系统化细菌鉴定的新方法,并带给我们对认识事物、看待问题、进行科学思维、继承与创新等方面的哲学思考.     

运动员运动道德推脱与运动亲反社会行为的关系

为寻找适合我国运动员运动道德推脱的有效测量工具, 揭示运动道德推脱与运动亲反社会行为的关系, 采用心理测量法对我国运动员进行了研究。结果表明：(1)我国运动员运动道德推脱包含行为重建、有利比较、委婉标签、非人性化和非责任; (2)性别、项目类型和运动等级可有效解释和预测运动反社会行为, 但对运动亲社会行为的解释和预测效应较低, 项目类型成为负向预测运动反社会行为的最佳变量; (3)在控制性别、项目类型和运动等级的基础上, 非责任成为负向预测运动亲社会行为(队友和对手)的最佳指标; 委婉标签和行为重建分别成为正向预测运动反社会行为(队友)和运动反社会行为(对手)的最佳指标。文章说明运动道德推脱可以解释和预测我国运动员的运动亲反社会行为。     

Control of a virtual vehicle influences postural activity and motion sickness

Everyday experience suggests that drivers are less susceptible to motion sickness than passengers. In the context of inertial motion (i.e., physical displacement), this effect has been confirmed in laboratory research using whole body motion devices. We asked whether a similar effect would occur in the context of simulated vehicles in a visual virtual environment. We used a yoked control design in which one member of each pair of participants played a driving video game (i.e., drove a virtual automobile). A recording of that performance was viewed (in a separate session) by the other member of the pair. Thus, the two members of each pair were exposed to identical visual motion stimuli, but the risk of behavioral contagion was minimized. Participants who drove the virtual vehicle (drivers) were less likely to report motion sickness than participants who viewed game recordings (passengers). Data on head and torso movement revealed that drivers tended to move more than passengers, and that the movements of drivers were more predictable than the movements of passengers. Before the onset of subjective symptoms of motion sickness movement differed between participants who (later) reported motion sickness and those who did not, consistent with a prediction of the postural instability theory of motion sickness. The results confirm that control is an important factor in the etiology of motion sickness and extend this finding to the control of noninertial virtual vehicles.     

Motivating protégés' personal learning in teams: a multilevel investigation of autonomy support and autonomy orientation

This study examined the roles of 3 multilevel motivational predictors in protégés' personal learning in teams: an autonomy-supportive team climate, mentors' autonomy support, and protégés' autonomy orientation. The authors followed 305 protégés in 58 teams for 12 weeks and found that all 3 predictors were positively related to the protégés' personal learning in teams and that an autonomy-supportive team climate augmented the effects of mentors' autonomy support and protégés' autonomy orientation on protégés' personal learning in teams. Protégés' personal learning in teams mediated the interactive effects of an autonomy-supportive team climate with mentors' autonomy support or protégés' autonomy orientation on protégés' behavioral and attitudinal outcomes, including their organizational citizenship behaviors and job involvement. The findings of this study provide business researchers and practitioners with valuable insights into the management of autonomy.     

楚山绍琦生平事迹研究

绍琦是一位被当代中国学术界几乎遗忘了的明代中期四川禅宗临济宗高僧,由于资料的缺乏,人们对其禅学思想无法加以深入研究。四川石经寺方面最近推动了对于绍琦的研究,寻访并影印发布了绍琦的语录,使得学术界对于绍琦的深入研究成为可能,这一研究将改变人们对于明代禅宗史的传统看法。作为一种基础性研究,本文简要介绍绍琦研究所需要的基本资料,并梳理绍琦的生平事迹,研究其法嗣成员,以使人们对于绍琦有一个基本的学术性了解。     

《企业管理者管理自我效能感问卷》的编制

该研究旨在编制适合我国企业状况的《管理者管理自我效能感问卷》(enterprise intendant managementself-efficacy questionnaire,EIMSEQ)。在初测的基础上,通过探索性因素分析确定了构成该问卷的8个维度。然后,得到了一个包含8个维度共64个项目的《管理者管理自我效能感问卷》。在天津市六家国有企业中,利用该问卷调查了475名中层管理者。数据分析表明,该问卷具有很好的信度和效度。