消化性溃疡的临床流行病学

消化性溃疡是消化系统常见多发病,20世纪在此领域有两个重要的发现,即有效的抑酸药质子泵抑制剂和幽门螺杆菌的发现,对其过去几十年的发病率和死亡率产生了巨大影响。尽管有了重大进展,这种疾病仍然是当前一个重要的临床问题,主要是因为越来越多的广泛使用非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)和低剂量阿司匹林药物。本文从流行病学角度来纵观其近年来的发病情况及其特点,以提供给同道参考。     

道教的宫观文化及其现代化——兼论道教宫观文化旅游

一、道教宫观的内涵和外延道教的宫观是道教神圣宗教理念的屋化空间,集中反映了道教的神学思维和理念;它随着道教的发展而日臻完善。可以这样说,宫观是道教的重要构成元素之一,也是道教文化的最重要载体之一。     

From glamour-oriented idolatry to achievement-oriented idolatry: A framing experiment among adolescents in Hong Kong and Shenzhen

The present study examined the framing effect of two modes of idolatry among a sample of 1095 secondary school students in Hong Kong and Shenzhen. Two experimental conditions were set up: in the glamour frame condition, subjects were exposed to frames that enhanced perfection and mystification of idols' personal or ideological characteristics; in the achievement frame condition, subjects were exposed to frames that enhanced emulation and identification of idols' pro-social behaviours or desirable dispositional traits. The experiment selected a prominent pop music and movie star well known in Chinese societies, Andy Lau, as the target idol. Subjects showed a consistently and significantly greater desire to glorify, idealize, identify with, emulate, and attach to Andy Lau in the achievement frame condition than in the glamour frame condition. The finding suggests that an achievement frame can heighten young people's adoration of an idol by emphasizing the idol's achievement processes. This suggestion is favourable to the possibility of transforming an idol into a role model for young people to learn to pursue career success.     

Moderating effect of Zhong Yong on the relationship between creativity and innovation behaviour

The present study examined the moderating effect of Zhong Yong on the relationship between perceived creativity and innovation behaviour in Chinese companies. A total of 273 paired questionnaires were collected with employee self-rated creativity and Zhong Yong and supervisor-rated innovation behaviour. The results show that for people higher on Zhong Yong, their creativity was not correlated with innovation behaviour; for people less immersed in Zhong Yong, this correlation is significant. This finding provides a new insight into the effects of Zhong Yong on the creativity-innovation behaviour transformation processes. The implications for future research are also discussed.     

Intelligent Design from the viewpoint of complex systems theory

Based on an analysis of the origins and characteristics of Intelligent Design (ID), this essay discusses the related issues of probability and irreducible complexity. From the viewpoint of complex systems theory, I suggest that Intelligent Design is not, as certain advocates claim, the only reasonable approach for dealing with the current difficulties of evolutionary biology.     

医科大学生优秀学业表现的人格心理学分析及相关性研究

目的:探讨医科大学生优秀学业表现的特征人格以及学业成绩性别差异的人格心理学原因。方法:以卡特尔16PF个性测验为测试工具,应用Spearman相关系数对医科大学生人格特质与学业成绩综合得分进行相关分析。结果:医科大学男女生的开放性分别为5.80±0.89和4.47±1.41,差别有统计学显著性(p0.001)。大学生学业成绩的高低和大学生的自律性和稳定性的相关系数分别为0.271和0.263。结论:医科男女大学生学业成绩差异主要与其开放性大小有关,大学生在校期间学业成绩分值的高低与人格特质中的自律性和稳定性大小成正比,提示加强大学生自律性和稳定性的训练有助于塑造大学生良好的人格特质。     

当事人对领悟的看法：质化分析

为了从当事人的视角理解领悟, 采用协商一致的质化研究方法对15位当事人的访谈结果进行分析。结果发现7个与领悟有关的域：领悟的内容, 领悟的效果, 影响领悟产生的因素, 评估领悟质量的依据, 领悟出现时的反应, 领悟的来源和阻碍领悟发挥作用的因素。形成了领悟的概念界定：领悟是对自己和他人(主要是自己)的新认识, 对自己的认识内容包括, 自己的问题模式, 心理困扰或问题模式的原因、影响和解决办法, 以及自己内在的心理状态。     

老化对睡眠依赖性记忆巩固的影响

随着老化的发生和发展, 老年人的睡眠和记忆问题变得越来越突出。研究显示老年人针对程序性记忆的睡眠依赖性巩固能力受损, 而针对陈述性记忆的睡眠依赖性巩固研究结果尚存分歧。此外, 患有神经退行性疾病的老年人在正常老化的基础上伴有情景记忆睡眠依赖性巩固能力受损。未来研究应考虑同步采集脑电和脑成像数据, 探索增龄通过睡眠影响记忆的神经通路, 尝试搭建老化、睡眠以及记忆三因素的交互模型, 并从睡眠对记忆巩固影响的角度提出针对老年人记忆问题的干预措施。     

不同符号形式数字的数量表征

针对以往对不同符号形式数字数量表征的ERP研究只应用以反应为原点分段平均分析方法,以及忽略对后期符号效应观察,从而造成对数量表征的考察不完善的状况,本研究利用ERP技术,结合借助潜伏期平移思想的以刺激为原点的分段平均方法,对阿拉伯与汉字小写的两位数数字的数量大小比较任务进行考察.结果表明阿拉伯数字与汉字数字在编码表征阶段存在差异,ERP结果中符号效应与距离效应无交互作用,但是在距离效应出现的同时仍然存在符号效应,说明不同符号形式数字的数量表征并非完全相同.     

启动实验中收集基线反应时的必要性问题

启动实验的有效条件之一是,控制组和实验组的目标词在基线反应时上相同,但在实际操作中,不少研究没有收集基线反应时,只是确保了两组目标词在频率上相同.本研究实验结果显示:对于母语而言,如果词频很高,相同频率的词得到相同反应时的机率很大;相反,机率就比较低;对于外语而言,这种机率相对更低.实验说明,相同词频的词不一定能得到相同的反应时,因此收集基线反应时是启动实验不可或缺的步骤.