不同符号形式数字的数量表征

针对以往对不同符号形式数字数量表征的ERP研究只应用以反应为原点分段平均分析方法,以及忽略对后期符号效应观察,从而造成对数量表征的考察不完善的状况,本研究利用ERP技术,结合借助潜伏期平移思想的以刺激为原点的分段平均方法,对阿拉伯与汉字小写的两位数数字的数量大小比较任务进行考察.结果表明阿拉伯数字与汉字数字在编码表征阶段存在差异,ERP结果中符号效应与距离效应无交互作用,但是在距离效应出现的同时仍然存在符号效应,说明不同符号形式数字的数量表征并非完全相同.     

启动实验中收集基线反应时的必要性问题

启动实验的有效条件之一是,控制组和实验组的目标词在基线反应时上相同,但在实际操作中,不少研究没有收集基线反应时,只是确保了两组目标词在频率上相同.本研究实验结果显示:对于母语而言,如果词频很高,相同频率的词得到相同反应时的机率很大;相反,机率就比较低;对于外语而言,这种机率相对更低.实验说明,相同词频的词不一定能得到相同的反应时,因此收集基线反应时是启动实验不可或缺的步骤.     

玉门吾艾斯拱北的历史解读

吾艾斯于唐初来华传教和病逝于路途的事迹为我国穆斯林世代传颂的佳话,其事迹传说具有一定可信度,至少有历史的影子在里面.在中国西北广大穆斯林中,对玉门吾艾斯及其拱北有着极大的认同感;但今天重要的不在于这种"历史记忆"完全真实,而在于长期以来其民族和群体成员集体赋予它的象征意义和文化内涵;在于其民族溯源和群体认同中的特殊功能.作为历史文化遗产,玉门惠回堡拱北应该受到学术界和社会各界的进一步关注.     

A Cross‐Cultural Study of Anxiety Among Chinese and Caucasian American University Students

This study investigated the cross‐cultural differences on state, trait, and social anxiety between Chinese and Caucasian American university students. Chinese students reported higher levels of social anxiety than did Caucasian american students. Correlations between trait and state anxiety were compared in light of the trait model of cross‐cultural psychology. Implications for multicultural counseling are discussed. Este estudio investigó las diferencias interculturales en cuanto a estado, rasgo y ansiedad social entre alumnos universitarios Chinos y Americanos caucásicos. Los alumnos Chinos comunicaron niveles más altos de ansiedad social que los alumnos Americanos Caucásicos. Se compararon las correlaciones entre rasgo y estado de ansiedad a la luz del modelo de rasgo de la psicología intercultural. Se discuten las implicaciones para la consejería multicultural.     

Relationships Among Religiousness,Spirituality, and Health for Individuals with Stroke

The current study evaluated the relationships among spiritual beliefs, religious practices, physical health, and mental health for individuals with stroke. A cross-sectional analysis of 63 individuals evaluated in outpatient settings, including 32 individuals with stroke and 31 healthy controls was conducted through administration of the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS) and the Medical Outcomes Scale-Short Form 36 (SF-36). For individuals with stroke, the SF-36 General Mental Health scale was significantly correlated with only the BMMRS Religious and Spiritual Coping scale (r = .43; p < .05). No other BMMRS factors were significantly correlated with SF-36 mental or physical health scales. Non-significant trends indicated spiritual factors were primarily related to mental versus physical health. This study suggests spiritual belief that a higher power will assist in coping with illness/disability is associated with better mental health following stroke, but neither religious nor spiritual factors are associated with physical health outcomes. The results are consistent with research that suggests that spiritual beliefs may protect individuals with stroke from experiencing emotional distress.     

人的所有制与人权概念

人的所有制是被用来从总体上表明一个人类共同体内部各成员之间占有关系的一种社会制度或社会关系;人的所有制是人类社会最基本的经济制度,它是区别和划分人类历史上各种不同经济形态的根本标志,是一个比生产资料所有制更为重要和更为基本的社会所有制的存在形式;人权概念是一个先后为在相关人类共同体中分别建立和维持人的公民所有制、劳动力的公民所有制、公民所有制的劳动者人身所有制、人格的公民平等、人的个人所有制、劳动力的个人所有制、个人所有制的劳动者人身所有制、婚权的个人所有制和使包括所有成年女性在内的所有社会成年成员享有人格的人类平等、劳动力的部分社会所有制等社会制度而被提出来的哲学概念、法律概念和政治概念。     

Country‐of‐Origin Influences on Product Evaluations: The Impact of Animosity and Perceptions of Industriousness Brutality on Judgments of Typical and Atypical Products

When a product's country of origin has a reputation for manufacturing high‐quality products, there may be a positive impact on product judgments. If people feel animosity toward a country as a result of its political or social policies, they may react negatively to the products it produces. These opposing effects may depend in part on the subset of country‐relevant knowledge that is accessible in memory at the time of judgment. When a product was not one on which Germany or Japan had built its reputation for manufacturing high‐quality products, associating the product with these countries increased its evaluations when industriousness had been activated as part of an unrelated experiment. However, when concepts associated with brutality had been primed, the product's country of origin had a negative effect on judgments. When the product was typical of those manufactured in the country, however, identifying its country of origin increased product evaluations regardless of whether industriousness or brutality had been primed. Thus, animosity toward a product's country of origin had an adverse effect on reactions to it only if the product was not one on which the country's reputation was based.     

西南基督教教会"不吸鸦片"戒律探讨

鸦片输入是资本主义、帝国主义列强对中国侵略的一个重要手段。西南各族人民深受其害。而一批出身于英国社会下层和少数民族族群的传教士,却表现出反对鸦片输入的态度。西南各民族的基督教新教教会,制定了不吸鸦片、不种鸦片的戒条,并长期坚定地执行,形成一片片没有鸦片毒害的净土。而今天的教会则由传统的戒烟发展为现实的禁毒。从中可见族群与宗教因素在禁烟活动中的作用,更可见中国人民的主体作用与禁除烟毒的决心。     

Ⅰ期颈椎前后路手术治疗后纵韧带骨化症

为了探讨颈椎前后路手术治疗后纵韧带骨化症的疗效,对65例后纵韧带骨化症患者,Ⅰ期行颈椎前后路手术,采用JOA评分和X线,CT对手术效果进行评价。结果显示,按JOA标准评定,优良率为94％。术后X线及CT均示椎管有效矢状径增加,硬膜囊压迫解除。因此,颈椎前后路手术可以达到减压、稳定的目的,手术效果良好。