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71.
Brick Johnstone Dong Pil Yoon Kelly Lora Franklin Laura Schopp Joseph Hinkebein 《Journal of religion and health》2009,48(2):146-163
Rationale This study attempted to differentiate statistically the spiritual and religious factors of the Brief Multidimensional Measure
of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS), which was developed based on theoretical conceptualizations that have yet to be adequately
empirically validated in a population with significant health disorders. Participants One hundred sixty-four individuals with heterogeneous medical conditions [i.e., brain injury, spinal cord injury (SCI), cancer,
stroke, primary care conditions]. Methods Participants completed the BMMRS as part of a pilot study on spirituality, religion, and physical and mental health. Results A principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization identified a six-factor solution (opposed
to the expected 8-factor solution) accounting for 60% of the variance in scores, labeled as: (1) Positive Spiritual Experience;
(2) Negative Spiritual Experience; (3) Forgiveness; (4) Religious Practices; (5) Positive Congregational Support; and (6)
Negative Congregational Support. Conclusions The results suggest the BMMRS assesses distinct positive and negative aspects of religiousness and spirituality that may
be best conceptualized in a psychoneuroimmunological context as measuring: (a) Spiritual Experiences (i.e., emotional experience of feeling connected with a higher power/the universe); (b) Religious Practices (i.e., prayer, rituals, service attendance); (c) Congregational Support; and (d) Forgiveness (i.e., a specific coping strategy that can be conceptualized as religious or non-religious in context). 相似文献
72.
陆修静(406-477),字元德,南朝宋吴兴东迁(今浙江吴兴县)人,三国吴丞相陆凯的后代.据史料记载,其母怀胎期间,有一位老姥来到家中语其母日:"生子当为人天师."①"及生之日,踱有重轮,足有双踝,掌有大字,身有斗文也."②少习儒业,博通坟典,旁及象纬.又性好道术,精研玉书.成年后,入山中修炼,专精教法,习断谷之术,隐云梦山中修道.后遍访仙踪,收集道书.曾南诣衡湘九嶷,访魏华存之遗迹,西至峨眉,寻清虚真人王褒之高躅. 相似文献
73.
Songbirds respond to initial playback of a recorded conspecific song in numerous ways, from changes in gene expression in the brain to changes in overt physical activity. When the same song is presented repeatedly, responses have been observed to habituate at multiple levels: molecular, cellular and organismal. Core criteria of habituation have been established at each level, although in no case have all the formal parameters been rigorously measured. At the level of overt behavior, classical field studies showed that territorial birds respond to the song of a potential challenger with a variety of behaviors, and many (but not all) of these behaviors decline with repeated stimulus presentation. More recent laboratory studies have defined analogous responses to song presentation in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), the dominant species in current molecular and neurobiological research and one that does not use song for territorial defense. Studies in the zebra finch have also demonstrated activation followed by habituation of responses measured at both electrophysiological and molecular (gene expression and signal transduction) levels. In all cases, habituation is specific for a very particular stimulus – an individual song presented in a particular context. There are strong correlations between habituation measurements made at these different levels, but some dissociations have also been observed, implying that molecular, electrophysiological and behavioral habituations are not equivalent manifestations of a single core process. 相似文献
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Thomas H. Ollendick Bin Yang Qi Dong Yong Xia Lei Lin 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1995,23(4):439-452
Gender differences in fear were examined in 693 Chinese children and adolescents. Subjects were asked to rate their own fears, the fears of their best friends, and the fears of other classmates using the Fear Survey Schedule for Children — Revised (Ollendick, 1983). Consistent with previous investigations in Western and Eastern countries, girls rated themselves as more fearful than boys. In addition, both girls and boys rated their best friends as similar in number, content, and intensity of fears. However, girls rated their classmates as less fearful than themselves or their best friends, while boys rated their classmates as more fearful than themselves or their best friends. Findings are discussed in terms of gender role expectations and similarity-attraction hypotheses. 相似文献
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