都市人智慧隐含理论的初步调查

本研究对上海市高校教师及其他成年市民的智慧隐含理论进行调查,经筛选获得40项智慧特征并对其进行非度量多维标度分析,鉴别出三个双极维度,分别解释为六个因子：超脱谦和的处世风格、杰出的认知能力、出色的人际互动能力、丰富的知识与经验、非凡的自知和自控能力、良好的性格特质。本文就中国人与西方人的智慧隐含理论进行跨文化比较分析。     

中国人获得感的结构研究

获得感是一个具有心理内涵与时代特色的新生概念。为了探究获得感的结构内涵,通过自由联想法形成量表的初始项目,先后进行两次预测并根据结果修订量表。然后对量表进行正式施测并检验其信效度,同时采用中文版生活满意度量表和幸福倾向量表进行效标效度检验。结果显示,中国人的获得感是个体对获取自身需求满足的内容、实现途径与所需条件的认知评价以及在此过程中的心理体验,包括获得体验、获得环境、获得内容、获得途径和获得分享五个维度。信效度分析表明,编制的中国人获得感量表符合心理测量学的标准,可用于相关的社会心理研究与应用。     

梅尔美术判断测验在中国应用的信、效度检验

目的:修订梅尔美术判断测验(Meier Art Judgment Test)并对其信度、效度进行检验。方法:通过对来自6所大学、中专共2270人施测梅尔美术判断测验,采用CTT区分度和IRT的模型拟合检验、区分度筛选项目,以霍兰德艺术分测验、学生艺术创作水平自评与艺术过往经历分量表为效标,以及采用效标组法(美术与非美术专业)检验效标关联效度。结果:保留的61题都拟合IRT的2参数logistic模型,量表得分与各效标得分相关显著,美术与非美术专业学生得分存在显著差异; 但测验信息量分析表明,对高能力被试的测量误差相对较大。结论:修订的量表能测量个体的美术判断能力; 今后改进方向应该是增加更难的试题。     

Quantified or nonquantified: How quantification affects consumers' motivation in goal pursuit

Being exposed to more data and devices with tracking functions than ever, quantification is concerned by an increasing number of consumers. The self‐reflection from data may raise consumers' awareness of their own goals to better modify their behaviors. This paper describes consumers' reaction to quantification and confirms its motivational effect in goal pursuit. First, we investigate the motivational effect of quantification and reveal its internal mechanism from the individual–community perspective. Results show that quantification can promote consumers' goal pursuit motivation. A quantified (vs. nonquantified) way to track progress in pursuit of a goal can strengthen consumers' self‐empowerment (individual level) and difference‐insight (community level), thus enhancing the goal pursuit motivation. Second, we explore the moderating effect of some factors on the motivational effect of quantification. Results confirm that self‐empowerment can be enhanced with high data–color consistency, and difference‐insight can be increased with low outcome–process consistency. Third, we identify the validity of various data presentation modes. Using the interactive progress framing (to date with to go) together with the several subunits mode to deliver data in different progress stages is found to be an effective way to promote consumers' goal pursuit motivation.     

触觉的情绪功能及其神经生理机制

触觉是个体探知外部世界的重要感觉通道,其情绪功能在维系社会联结、促进人际沟通等方面具有重要作用。触觉的情绪功能一方面表现为通过触觉动作本身直接传递情绪信息,另一方面则是通过增强注意和锐化社会评价的方式促进个体对跨通道情绪信息的加工。神经生理学研究发现,触觉情绪信息由无髓鞘C纤维介导,经脊髓丘脑束通路投射于岛叶(头面部触觉情绪信息的传导路径尚不明确),并在杏仁核、内侧前额叶、后颞上沟等"社会脑"网络的核心区域被精细加工。未来还应对触觉情绪的人际依赖性、文化独特性、操作标准化,及其在神经水平上与感觉-辨识系统间的关联性与独立性做深入探究。     

复杂性科学研究中的两个哲学问题思考

复杂性科学研究,在科学方法和应用研究方面已取得不容置疑的进展。然而,科学研究并未因此而进入“澄明”之境。科学界倒是出现了“从复杂性到困惑”这样的情绪。[1]如果说“超越还原论”的革命口号曾让我们激动,科学社会的荣誉动机和批判意向已被牵发,那么我们就应该尝试走出“困惑”。本文拟就复杂性科学研究中的两个哲学问题进行初步思考,以期能抛砖引玉。一整体与部分关系问题作为一对基本哲学范畴,整体与部分的关系是近代以来科学分析方法和现代系统科学方法共同的、最重要的本体论基础。“整体等于部分和”是分析方法的哲学基石。[2]然…     

Difficult name,cold man: Chinese names,gender stereotypicality and trustworthiness

Names can play an important role in forming first impressions. While much of the literature has demonstrated how alphabet-based names influence impression formation, little is known about how character-based names (e.g., Chinese names) affect interpersonal trust. Across six studies, we demonstrated that a difficult-to-recognise Chinese name with less frequently used characters activated masculine perception, which in turn decreased trust in the name holder. The masculine inferences from difficult names were replicated across within-subjects (Study 1a and 1b) and between-subjects judgements and maintained irrespective of normative knowledge about difficult names as male names (Study 1c). The mediation of gender stereotypicality was manifested in both measured spontaneous gender inference (Study 2a and Study 2b) and manipulated gender information (Study 2c). The effects of recognisability on masculine and trust perceptions were independent of pronunciationability (Study 2b). This research extends previous research by revealing the implications of character-based names and pictographic language on the feeling-as-information theory, also in terms of interpersonal contexts.     

顾炎武与清代学术之转向

本文对清初至乾嘉时期的学术走向进行了重新考察,试图表明明清之际的学术实质一直存在着学术以"为道"这一本原性价值追求与以博文为形式的单纯"为学"之间的内在紧张.作者首先对明末清初学术之大势进行了概要性叙述,对梁启超关于顾炎武为"清学"开山之说提出了商榷意见,认为乾嘉"汉学"实不足以承续顾氏的学术精神,推顾氏为"清学"开山,也未足以推崇顾氏.文字训诂名物典制的考证之学,本质上是疏离于甚至逸出于"明道"的学术传统的,不仅未能上接顾氏学术的根本义旨,而且也为戴震学术的某种质变形式.而"宋学"的重新张扬与"今文学派"的重登舞台,在思想史的意义上,则表明学术以"明道"这一本原性价值取向在现实性上的重新挺立,所以将"汉宋之争"以及"今古文之争"仅视为"门户之争"并不恰当,是忽略了其思想史意义的."宋学"与"今文学"的合流,既导致以考证为特征的"汉学"衰微,也使"明道"再次成为学术主题,并由此而转向于社会现实的激烈批判,中国学术正由此而进入于近代.