Social exclusion influences attentional bias to social information

Using three experiments, the present study investigates the impact of social exclusion on attention. Specifically, we investigate whether social exclusion promotes attentional bias to social acceptance cues (smiling faces) or social exclusion cues (angry faces) among an Asian population. The Cyberball game was adopted to manipulate social inclusion or exclusion, and a dot‐probe task was used to measure individuals' responses to smiling or angry faces. In Experiments 1 and 2, each trial consisted of either a smiling or angry face that was paired with a neutral face. In Experiment 1, when the stimulus onset‐asynchronies (SOA) were 500 ms, the inhibition of return emerged, indirectly indicating that social exclusion promotes sensitivity to social acceptance cues. In Experiment 2, after setting the SOA to 200 ms, we found that social exclusion promotes attentional bias to smiling faces compared to neutral faces. In Experiment 3, both smiling and angry faces were shown during each trial, and we found that social exclusion promotes attentional bias to smiling faces compared to angry faces. Therefore, the present study extends our understanding of the relationship between social exclusion and attention. Overall, it appears that after social exclusion, the desire for social reconnection trumps the desire to avoid social exclusion.     

Responses to Lucretia B. Yaghjian's “Pedagogical challenges in teaching ESOL/multilingual writers in theological education”

This article consists of four brief responses to Lucretia B. Yaghjian's “Pedagogical challenges in teaching ESOL/Multilingual writers in theological education,” published in this issue of the journal.     

Affect as a foundational psychological process for spirituality and empathy

There is growing interest in understanding the manner by which spiritual experiences, religious beliefs and behaviours, and prosocial traits (e.g., empathy, altruism) are related. Research has recently focused on determining those psychological constructs (e.g., affective, behavioural, cognitive) that are common to these related constructs, although the specific relationships remain unclear. The current study evaluated relationships among spiritual experiences and affective and cognitive dimensions of empathy in 98 participants with heterogeneous health conditions. Results indicate that spirituality is significantly related to affective empathy, but not cognitive empathy. These findings suggest that individuals’ propensity to be both spiritual and empathetic is primarily related to a greater disposition towards emotional connection with others (i.e., whether with the divine or other people). Research and practical implications are discussed.     

Giant magnetoelectric effect in laminate composites

It has been found that laminate composites of longitudinally magnetized magnetostrictive and transversely poled piezoelectric layers (an L–T laminate composite) have a giant magnetoelectric (ME) effect. Relatively high ME coupling, that is significant exchange between magnetization and polarization, is demonstrated.     

多发性骨髓瘤的分子生物学特性及靶向治疗对策

近十年来,关于骨髓瘤细胞的分子生物学研究取得了很大的进展.骨髓瘤细胞通过激活多种信号途径以及与蛋白折叠反应相关的信号通路,抑制正常浆细胞的生长.一些基因和分子改变与临床表现相关并成为治疗的潜在靶点.认识骨髓瘤细胞的分子生物学特性对于采取合理的治疗措施、改善患者的预后至关重要.     

Different attitudes toward humor between Chinese and American students: evidence from the Implicit Association Test

Although cross-cultural research indicates that Chinese people demonstrate less humor than do Americans, little research addresses the reasons. This cross-cultural difference may be largely due to different implicit attitudes toward humor held by Chinese and Americans, deeply rooted in the two cultural traditions. Both self-report evaluation and the Implicit Association Test (IAT) were used to compare Chinese and American attitudes toward humor. Although 60 Chinese undergraduate students showed no significant difference from 33 American exchange students in explicit attitudes toward humor, the former associated humor more frequently with unpleasant adjectives and seriousness with pleasant adjectives on the IAT; the opposite pattern was found for the American group. This indicated a negative implicit attitude toward humor among the Chinese students.     

From autonomy to creativity: a multilevel investigation of the mediating role of harmonious passion

Building on self-determination theory, we theorized about and demonstrated, through 2 multilevel field studies, the pivotal role of harmonious passion in translating organizational autonomy support and individual autonomy orientation into job creativity. Results based on 3-level data from 856 members in 111 teams within 23 work units of a porous metal company (Study 1) and from 525 employees in 98 teams of 18 branches of a large commercial bank (Study 2) revealed 2 major findings. First, organizational autonomy support from a higher organizational level (unit or branch) compensated for the effect of autonomy support from a lower organizational level (team) or individual autonomy orientation on employees' harmonious passion. Second, harmonious passion mediated the interactive effects of unit (branch) autonomy support and team member autonomy orientation, of team autonomy support and team member autonomy orientation, and of unit (branch) autonomy support and team autonomy support on individual creativity. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings in the organizational context.     

父母教养方式对子女焦虑的影响：认知情绪调节策略与男性化特质的中介作用

本研究通过对269名在校大学生进行父母教养方式、情绪调节策略的使用、男性化特质和焦虑水平的测查,探讨了父母教养方式对子女焦虑产生影响的可能机制。结果发现,研究建构的模型对焦虑的整体解释率为26%。父母教养方式主要通过三种途径影响子女焦虑：（1）直接对子女焦虑产生影响;（2）以灾难化和积极重评这两种情绪调节策略为中介,间接影响子女焦虑;（3）促成子女男性化特质的形成,该特质通过积极重评策略的完全中介作用,间接影响子女焦虑。     

《法苑珠林校注》补正

唐释道世撰写的《法苑珠林》,是一部重要的佛教类书,保留了极其丰富的佛教资料。中华书局2003年12月出版的由周叔迦与其弟子苏晋仁整理而成的《法苑珠林校注》,是目前《法苑珠林》最好的校注本。然因该书卷帙浩繁,有些校点可再商榷。此选取30例略加考辨,以就正于方家。     

论正确认识和处理宗教经济与经济宗教的关系

现阶段,随着我国宗教经济和经济宗教活动的日益活跃,如何正确认识和处理宗教经济和经济宗教二者的关系问题被突出地摆在党和人民的面前。依法管理宗教经济和以经济手段解决经济宗教中存在的问题是我们的必然选择。