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981.
The purpose was to assess whether equal-appearing interval or magnitude-estimation scaling resulted in a data set with a closer correlation to the physical stimuli, made up of speech samples with varying amounts of disfluency. 20 young adults completed two tasks. In Task 1, subjects used a 7-point equal-appearing interval scale to rate the disfluency of 10 speech samples having varying within sentence pause, presented randomly at 65 dB SPL. In Task 2, subjects used magnitude-estimation scaling to rate these stimuli, presented in a randomized order. Analysis showed significantly high correlations for both scaling techniques and the speech stimuli (Spearman rho=.90 and 1.00, respectively). It appears that subjects can use either scaling technique to rate accurately varied speech disfluency. 相似文献
982.
Fung MT Raine A Loeber R Lynam DR Steinhauer SR Venables PH Stouthamer-Loeber M 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2005,114(2):187-196
This study tests the hypothesis that psychopathy-prone adolescents show reduced anticipatory skin conductance responding. Electrodermal activity was recorded while participants anticipated and responded to a 105 dB signaled or unsignaled white-noise burst. Using an extreme groups design, the authors used Child Psychopathy Scale (D. R. Lynam, 1997) scores from a community sample of 335 male adolescents (age 16) to form control (n = 65) and psychopathy-prone (n = 65) groups. Significantly more psychopathy-prone participants were nonresponders in the signaled anticipatory (p = .014), signaled responsivity (p = .037), and unsignaled responsivity (p = .003) conditions compared with controls. Anticipatory hyporesponsivity of psychopathy-prone adolescents similar to the electrodermal hyporesponsivity found in psychopathic adults suggests that this autonomic impairment is present by adolescence and may predispose individuals to adult psychopathy. 相似文献
983.
Elizabeth?S.?Edgerly Donald?J.?LevisEmail author 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2005,27(3):201-209
The present study evaluated the ability of 5 different fear classification procedures to discriminate between 3 fear levels and to correlate with 6 commonly used dependent measures of fear. A standardized fear assessment procedure was administered on 2 separate trials to 71 women participants. Following the completion of the assessment trials, the participants data were scored and regrouped according to 5 fear classification procedures (behavioral, self-report, skin conductance level, skin response amplitude, and heart rate). This design permitted each procedure to be evaluated to the same target stimulus and at the same point in time. The classifications of participants on the basis of behavior and skin conductance response were found to be most effective selection procedures with self-report, skin conductance level, and heart rate being the least. Reliability of the findings was assessed by a test–retest procedure. 相似文献
984.
Learning tasks are typically thought to be either hippocampal-dependent (impaired by hippocampal lesions) or hippocampal-independent (indifferent to hippocampal lesions). Here, we show that conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning fits into neither of these categories. Rats were trained to avoid two taste stimuli, one novel and one familiar. Muscimol infused through surgically implanted intracranial cannulae temporarily inactivated the dorsal hippocampus during familiarization, subsequent CTA training, or both. As shown previously, hippocampal inactivation during familiarization enhanced the effect of that familiarization on learning (i.e., hippocampal inactivation enhanced latent inhibition of CTA); more novel and surprising, however, was the finding that hippocampal inactivation during training sessions strongly enhanced CTA learning itself. These phenomena were not caused by specific aspects of our infusion technique--muscimol infusions into the hippocampus during familiarization sessions did not cause CTAs, muscimol infusions into gustatory cortex caused the expected attenuation of CTA, and hippocampal inactivation caused the expected attenuation of spatial learning. Thus, we suggest that hippocampal memory processes interfere with the specific learning mechanisms underlying CTA, and more generally that multiple memory systems do not operate independently. 相似文献
985.
The current study compares the use of two alternative methodologies for using the Five-Factor Model (FFM) to assess personality disorders (PDs). Across two clinical samples, a technique using the simple sum of selected FFM facets is compared with a previously used prototype matching technique. The results demonstrate that the more easily calculated counts perform as well as the similarity scores that are generated by the prototype matching technique. Optimal diagnostic thresholds for the FFM PD counts are computed for identifying patients who meet diagnostic criteria for a specific PD. These threshold scores demonstrate good sensitivity in receiver operating characteristics analyses, suggesting their usefulness for screening purposes. Given the ease of this scoring procedure, the FFM count technique has obvious clinical utility. 相似文献
986.
Capps D 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2005,59(3):289-292
987.
Michael?L.?AndersonEmail author Donald?R.?Perlis 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2005,4(3):297-333
In this paper we provide an account of the structural underpinnings of self-awareness. We offer both an abstract, logical
account – by way of suggestions for how to build a genuinely self-referring artificial agent – and a biological account, via
a discussion of the role of somatoception in supporting and structuring self-awareness more generally. Central to the account
is a discussion of the necessary motivational properties of self-representing mental tokens, in light of which we offer a
novel definition of self-representation. We also discuss the role of such tokens in organizing self-specifying information,
which leads to a naturalized restatement of the guarantee that introspective awareness is immune to error due to mis-identification
of the subject. 相似文献
988.
Multidimensional scaling (MDS) techniques were used to study the form characteristics which transcend noise in a discrimination task. Three dimensions of random polygons were identified and were psychophysically related to quantifted form measures. 相似文献
989.
Donald A. Mankin 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1969,5(3):149-154
In an earlier study Chapanis and Mankin examined the vertical-horizontal illusion in a visually-rich environment. In that study they feit that perceptual anchors and visual noise may have influenced the Ss’ estimates of the real-world objects that were used as stimuli. The present experiment attempted to test in a controlled laboratory environment the questions raised in the previous experiment. In the present experiment Ss were asked to estimate the height of a vertical stimulus line by indicating its corresponding horizontal distance. The vertical stimulus line was presented in a background of visual noise and potential anchors. The results indicate that the anchors did influence estimates and that this influence was, in turn, affected by the visual noise. 相似文献
990.
Subjects were required to perform a short-term memory task and a signal detection task, both individually and simultaneously. Memory performance was impaired only when the signals in the detection task were difficult to detect. The impairment in memory was restricted to items which appeared in the early positions of the list to be remembered. Detection performance was unaffected by the simultaneous task requirement and there was no correlation between performance on the two tasks when both were performed together. The results suggest that the difficulties Ss have when they attempt to perform several tasks at the same time may be due to limitations in the processes responsible for storing and retrieving information rather than those involved in the perceptual analysis of the incoming material. 相似文献