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111.
Christine D. Isaacs Lynne H. Embry Donald M. Baer 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1982,15(4):505-520
This study implemented and evaluated a training program (a written manual, videotaped models, rehearsal, role plays, and performance feedback) designed to teach five subjects the skills to become effective family therapists. The study examined the therapists' use of three target behaviors: instructing, informing, and praising. The therapists, each paired with a parent and a preschool-aged child (2 1/2–4 1/2 yr old), were trained in the clinic to use, and to teach to the parents, several behavioral skills (e.g., praising, planned ignoring, and time-out) relevant to teaching children compliance to parental instructions. A multiple-baseline design across triads (therapist/parent/child) demonstrated that after the training program was instituted, the therapists increased their rates of instructing, praising, and informing the parents; all parents increased attention to compliance, decreased attention to noncompliance, and increased rates of praise to their children; and all children increased their compliance and decreased their noncompliance. 相似文献
112.
It is postulated that adult vocational maturity needs to be assessed because of the changing developmental tasks encountered during the course of a career. Vocational maturity having been found to be multidimensional, existing undimensional inventories of adult vocational maturity are considered of limited although demonstrated validity. Relevant theories of adult vocational development and adjustment are reviewed. Super's proposed adult vocational maturity model is examined for the promise that it offers and for the problems that arise in developing a multidimensional measure of vocational maturity. A way of surmounting these problems is proposed as a basis for work now being undertaken. 相似文献
113.
Donald R Goodenough Philip K Oltman Florence Friedman Carol Ann Moore Herman A Witkin David Owen Evelyn Raskin 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》1979,14(3):341-351
Recent research has shown that academic choice and achievement may be partly a function of the student's standing on the field-dependence-independence cognitive-style dimension. The results of two longitudinal studies suggest that information about field dependence-independence may be of value for student guidance in the medical setting. The first, a study of college undergraduates who early expressed an interest in medicine, showed that these cognitive styles play a discernible role in determining who will eventually enter medical school. The second, a study of medical students, showed that field-dependent and field-independent students subsequently tend to choose different medical specialties. These results are consistent with cognitive-style theory, which proposes that field-independent people will choose vocations that require cognitive restructuring skills, whereas field-dependent people will choose vocations that require greater social-interpersonal involvement. 相似文献
114.
M M Foreman R L Moss 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》1979,93(3):556-565
Intrahypothalamic effects of gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) on lordotic behavior were evaluated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats maintained at different receptivity levels. Under conditions of low receptivity in which LRH has been shown to enchance mating behavior, medial preoptic area (MPOA) infusions of luteinizing hormone (LH) caused significant depressions in the lordotic response, whereas LH infusions into the arcuate ventromedial area (ARC-VM) had no sigificant effect. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) infusions into either area did not alter the behavioral response. In the second experiment, in which OVX rats were primed with higher doses of estrone to maintain high ptrinfusion receptivity, MPOA or ARC-VM infusions of either LH or TRH were shown to depress lordotic behavior significantly, whereas neither LRH nor FSH was observed to inhibit the behavioral response. A third experiment evaluated the effects of LH, FSH, and TRH on LRH-facilitated mating behavior. Infusions of LRH into either the MPOA or the ARC-VM significantly enhanced mating behavior, whereas the addition of either TRH or LH to the LRH infusates abolished this response. The addition of FSH to LRH infusates neither enhanced nor depressed the behavioral response to MPOA or ARC-VM infusions of LRH. The antagonistic effects of LH and TRH on LRH-facilitated mating behavior were correlated with previous observations of antagonistic effects on hypothalamic unit activity and monoamine metabolism. The antagonistic interrelation between LRH and LH may represent a mechanism for the activation and coordination of sexual receptivity with ovulation. 相似文献
115.
Donald E. Henson H. B. Rubin Claudia Henson 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1979,12(4):701-711
Eight adult women volunteers viewed the same erotic film in two different sessions. Their resulting genital responses were recorded simultaneously by three different measures: vaginal pressure pulse, vaginal blood volume, and labial temperature change. During the erotic stimulation, the vaginal pressure pulse and labial responses always increased, and the vaginal blood volume response increased on all but two occasions. Although there was considerable intersubject variability in each genital measure, all three measures were found to have some intrasubject consistency over sessions with respect to either their response amplitudes or patterns, with labial temperature being the most consistent on both parameters. The relationship between the response patterns of the three measures during the film was also relatively consistent across sessions, as was the correspondence between subjective ratings of arousal and both vaginal pressure pulse and labial responses but not vaginal blood volume response. To overcome the problem of considerable intrasubject variability of response amplitudes, it was suggested that the inclusion in the data analysis of several parameters of response patterns, which were relatively stable over sessions, might facilitate the evaluation of a treatment. 相似文献
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Subjective sexual arousal and affective reactions of 80 college women to explicit sex films were studied in a 2 (sex guilt) × 2 (trait anxiety) × 2 (films) design. There was a decline in sexual arousal to a film of oral-genital sex and a decline in sex guilt in the present sample in comparison to a similar sample from this laboratory 8 years ago. High-sex-guilt women reported fewer genital sensations and rated themselves lower on sexual arousal during and after the films than did their counterparts less disposed to guilt over sex. High-sex-guilt women reported more affective guilt, disgust, and anxiety-fear as a consequence of viewing an explicit sex film than women below the median on sex guilt. High-trait-anxiety women reported more intense genital sensations and rated their sexual arousal as higher following the films than low-trait-anxiety women. Women above the median on trait anxiety reported more subsequent anxiety-fear and depression-distress following the films than low-scoring women. These results were discussed from the perspective of Izard's differential emotions theory, which regards anxiety as a variable pattern of fundamental emotions rather than as a functional unity.This research was supported in part by a National Science Foundation Grant to the University of Connecticut Computer Center. The authors wish to thank Wendy Cunningham and Linda Wildes for serving as experimenters. 相似文献
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Head movement can have a significant effect on the ability to locate the direction of a sound source. A system has been designed to track the head movement in response to sound originating at different azimuth locations with respect to the head. A videotape record is made of a light approximating a point source carried on a lightweight “beanie” mounted on the listener’s head. Movement of the light is monitored by the video camera and recorded on tape, along with the sound stimulus and information concerning loudspeaker location and time. The horizontal and vertical coordinates of the light-spot image are determined in relation to the video synch pulses defining the field borders. Synch signals are available from a video monitor either in real-time or from tape replay to define each TV frame and horizontal scan line. The circuitry interfaces to a computer programmed to take the information, apply a calibration, and process the data into records of time-varying head position and velocity. Examples of both digital and graphic printouts of head movement are given. The system is capable of expansion to three-axis operation. 相似文献