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961.
In this commentary we return to the original question of Wanic and Kulik??s paper, ??Why do men benefit more from marriage than do women??? We suggest that trying to understand why women suffer more than men in marriage (from conflict or for any other reason) will not, by itself, answer the question. The answers are certainly multifaceted and complex, and there is little reason to pit one possible answer against another. We highlight that when examining gender differences in health in marriage it is important to (a) consider the helpful processes in combination with hurtful ones, b) take a broad view on this question including many types of social processes, and c) consider processes that occur outside of marriage as well as those that occur inside of marriage. 相似文献
962.
Family medicine is redefining itself in the wake of the Future of Family Medicine Project, the move to the Patient-Centered
Medical Home, and the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act’s emphasis on primary care. This effort has included
representing family doctors as physicians who “care for the whole person” and who “specialize in you.” Many patients believe
that whole person care involves attention to spirituality and wish to share their beliefs in the medical encounter. This national
survey investigated whether a random sample of family medicine residents were willing to address spirituality upon patient
request. With varying degrees of willingness, most doctors said that they would discuss patient beliefs if asked. Denominational
preference, residency training in addressing spirituality, and self-rated spirituality were all predictive of the strength
of reported willingness. These results indicate that training in addressing spirituality may create residents more likely
to discuss the topic in clinical practice. 相似文献
963.
Susan Selby Annette Braunack-Mayer Alison Jones Sheila Clark Nicole Moulding Justin Beilby 《Journal of religion and health》2011,50(4):1007-1023
Home country re-entry from cross-cultural missionary work abroad may be associated with psychological distress. Re-entrants
experience multiple losses including loss of identity which may be associated with personal/relational identity gaps and depersonalization/dehumanization.
However, research suggests that some re-entrants are resilient with good mental health, while others are fragile with poor
mental health. The aims of this paper are to explore the nature and frequency of re-entering missionaries’ identity gaps and
their depersonalization/dehumanization in resilient and fragile re-entrants. Fifteen re-entering adult Australian cross-cultural
missionary workers from four interdenominational Australian mission organizations completed semi-structured interviews. Results
were analysed using modified Consensual Qualitative Research methods. Links were established between personal/relational identity
gaps, depersonalization/dehumanization and resilience on re-entry. Implications for re-entrants’ care are discussed with suggestions
for further research. 相似文献
964.
Austen Clark 《Philosophical Studies》2011,153(1):175-181
The papers by Macpherson, O’Callaghan, and Batty reveal some startling differences in the objects and properties represented
by different modalities. They also reveal some tensions between different ways of understanding what it is for any one modality
to represent objects and properties. 相似文献
965.
Davis DE Hook JN Worthington EL Van Tongeren DR Gartner AL Jennings DJ Emmons RA 《Journal of personality assessment》2011,93(3):225-234
The study of humility has progressed slowly due to measurement problems. We describe a model of relational humility that conceptualizes humility as a personality judgment. In this set of 5 studies, we developed the 16-item Relational Humility Scale (RHS) and offered initial evidence for the theoretical model. In Study 1 (N = 300), we developed the RHS and its subscales--Global Humility, Superiority, and Accurate View of Self. In Study 2, we confirmed the factor structure of the scale in an independent sample (N = 196). In Study 3, we provided initial evidence supporting construct validity using an experimental design (N = 200). In Study 4 (N = 150), we provided additional evidence of construct validity by examining the relationships between humility and empathy, forgiveness, and other virtues. In Study 5 (N = 163), we adduced evidence of discriminant and incremental validity of the RHS compared with the Honesty-Humility subscale of the HEXACO-PI (Lee & Ashton, 2004). 相似文献
966.
Margaret S. Clark Aaron Greenberg Edward P. Lemay David Roosth 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2011,47(2):359-364
People may value their possessions, in part, because ownership of goods promotes feelings of security. If so, increasing their sense of security should reduce the value they place on possessions. In two studies we tested this prediction. In Study 1, participants who were assigned randomly to write about an instance of receiving social support placed less monetary value on a blanket they owned relative to participants who were assigned randomly to write about a pleasant restaurant experience. In Study 2, participants who were unobtrusively primed with security-related words placed less monetary value on a pen they just received relative to participants who were primed with positive or neutral words. Results suggest that enhancing interpersonal security reduces valuing possessions. 相似文献
967.
While much research has explored how well earwitnesses can identify perpetrators' voices, little published research has examined how well they can recall criminal admissions. This exploratory study examined the effects of two variables relevant to criminal investigations—rehearsal and length of retention interval between witnessing and reporting an event—on the recall of details and strength of the accuracy–confidence (AC) relationship for such details from a perpetrator's criminal admission. Results suggest that confidence can be a reasonable predictor of accuracy, depending on whether the admission is rehearsed, the length of retention interval, and the centrality of details to the crime recounted. Substantial variance was found in how the above factors affected recall accuracy and confidence of individual details as well. While much research is still needed, our findings provide preliminary support for practical suggestions that may assist in credibility assessments of earwitnesses to criminal accounts, such as jailhouse informants. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
968.
Carlson M Wilcox R Chou CP Chang M Yang F Blanchard J Marterella A Kuo A Clark F 《心理评价》2011,23(2):558-562
Reverse-scored items on assessment scales increase cognitive processing demands and may therefore lead to measurement problems for older adult respondents. In this study, the objective was to examine possible psychometric inadequacies of reverse-scored items on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) when used to assess ethnically diverse older adults. Using baseline data from a gerontologic clinical trial (n = 460), we tested the hypotheses that the reversed items on the CES-D (a) are less reliable than nonreversed items, (b) disproportionately lead to intraindividually atypical responses that are psychometrically problematic, and (c) evidence improved measurement properties when an imputation procedure based on the scale mean is used to replace atypical responses. In general, the results supported the hypotheses. Relative to nonreversed CES-D items, the 4 reversed items were less internally consistent, were associated with lower item-scale correlations, and were more often answered atypically at an intraindividual level. Further, the atypical responses were negatively correlated with responses to psychometrically sound nonreversed items that had similar content. The use of imputation to replace atypical responses enhanced the predictive validity of the set of reverse-scored items. Among older adult respondents, reverse-scored items are associated with measurement difficulties. It is recommended that appropriate correction procedures such as item readministration or statistical imputation be applied to reduce the difficulties. 相似文献
969.
Clark RE 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2011,95(2):118-124
Systems consolidation involves a prolonged process of memory reorganization that appears to be distinctly related to declarative memory. Declarative memory can be sharply contrasted with simple delay eyeblink classical conditioning, a prototypical example of nondeclarative memory. Yet inserting a trace interval between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli endows eyeblink (trace) conditioning with many features of declarative memory. Work in humans has established that trace conditioning requires declarative memory. Recently trace eyeblink conditioning in animals has become one of the most powerful methods to study systems consolidation. Thus, it is ironic that a substantially nondeclarative form of memory has been so instructive concerning the organization of declarative memory. 相似文献
970.
Recent research has shown that avid action video game players (VGPs) outperform non-video game players (NVGPs) on a variety of attentional and perceptual tasks. However, it remains unknown exactly why and how such differences arise; while some prior research has demonstrated that VGPs' improvements stem from enhanced basic perceptual processes, other work indicates that they can stem from enhanced attentional control. The current experiment used a change-detection task to explore whether top-down strategies can contribute to VGPs' improved abilities. Participants viewed alternating presentations of an image and a modified version of the image and were tasked with detecting and localizing the changed element. Consistent with prior claims of enhanced perceptual abilities, VGPs were able to detect the changes while requiring less exposure to the change than NVGPs. Further analyses revealed this improved change detection performance may result from altered strategy use; VGPs employed broader search patterns when scanning scenes for potential changes. These results complement prior demonstrations of VGPs' enhanced bottom-up perceptual benefits by providing new evidence of VGPs' potentially enhanced top-down strategic benefits. 相似文献