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Bernhard Hommel Dominique P. Lippelt Ermine Gurbuz Roland Pfister 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2017,24(3):821-827
Whereas ideomotor approaches to action control emphasize the importance of sensory action effects for action selection, motivational approaches emphasize the role of affective action effects. We used a game-like experimental setup to directly compare the roles of sensory and affective action effects in selecting and performing reaching actions in forced- and free-choice tasks. The two kinds of action effects did not interact. Action selection and execution in the forced-choice task were strongly impacted by the spatial compatibility between actions and the expected sensory action effects, whereas the free-choice task was hardly affected. In contrast, action execution, but not selection, in both tasks was strongly impacted by the spatial compatibility between actions and highly valued action effects. This pattern suggests that sensory and affective action effects serve different purposes: The former seem to dominate rule-based action selection, whereas the latter might serve to reduce any remaining action uncertainty. 相似文献
94.
Dominique A. Potvin 《Animal cognition》2017,20(1):9-18
Since the industrial age, background anthropogenic noise has become a pervasive feature of many habitable environments. This relatively recent environmental feature can be particularly challenging for organisms that use acoustic forms of communication due to its propensity for masking and decreasing the potential acoustic space of signals. Furthermore, anthropogenic noise may affect biological processes including animal interactions, physiological and behavioural responses to stimuli and cognitive development. However, animals’ cognitive abilities may enable them to cope with high levels of anthropogenic noise through learning, the employment of acoustic and behavioural flexibility as well as the use of multi-modal sensory systems. We are only just beginning to understand how neural structures, endocrine systems and behaviour are mechanistically linked in these scenarios, providing us with information we can use to mitigate deleterious effects of pervasive noise on wildlife, along with highlighting the remarkable adaptability of animals to an increasingly anthropogenic world. In this review, I will focus mainly on birds, due to the amount of literature on the topic, and survey recent advancements made in two main spheres: (1) how anthropogenic noise affects cognitive processes and (2) how cognition enables animals to cope with increasingly noisy environments. I will be highlighting current gaps in our knowledge, such as how noise might impact behavioural traits such as predation, as well as how noise causes physical damage to neurotransmitters and affects stress levels, in order to direct future studies on this topic. 相似文献
95.
Pre‐frontal‐insular‐cerebellar modifications correlate with disgust feeling blunting after subthalamic stimulation: A positron emission tomography study in Parkinson's disease 下载免费PDF全文
Sophie Ory Florence Le Jeune Claire Haegelen Siobhan Vicente Pierre Philippot Thibaut Dondaine Pierre Jannin Sophie Drapier Dominique Drapier Paul Sauleau Marc Vérin Julie Péron 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2017,11(3):378-395
Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) has recently advanced our understanding of the major role played by this basal ganglion in human emotion. Research indicates that STN DBS can induce modifications in all components of emotion, and neuroimaging studies have shown that the metabolic modifications correlated with these emotional disturbances following surgery are both task‐ and sensory input‐dependent. Nevertheless, to date, these modifications have not been confirmed for all emotional components, notably subjective emotional experience, or feelings. To identify the neural network underlying the modification of feelings following STN DBS, we assessed 16 patients with Parkinson's disease before and after surgery, using both subjective assessments of emotional experience and 18[F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG‐PET). The patients viewed six film excerpts intended to elicit happy, angry, fearful, sad, disgusted, and neutral feelings, and they self‐rated the intensity of these feelings. After DBS, there was a significant reduction in the intensity of the disgust feeling. Correlations were observed between decreased disgust experience and cerebral glucose metabolism (FDG uptake) in the bilateral pre‐frontal cortices (orbitofrontal, dorsolateral, and inferior frontal gyri), bilateral insula, and right cerebellum. We suggest that the STN contributes to the synchronization process underlying the emergence of feelings. 相似文献
96.
Two experiments investigated psychological representations of musical tonality in auditory imagery. In Experiment 1, musically
trained participants heard a single tone as a perceptual cue and built an auditory image of a specified major tonality based
on that cue; participants’ images were then assessed using judgments of probe tones. In Experiment 2 participants imaged a
minor tonality rather than a major one. Analysis of the probe tone ratings indicated that participants successfully imaged
both major and minor tonal hierarchies, demonstrating that auditory imagery functions comparably to auditory perception. In
addition, the strength of the major tonal image was dependent upon the pitch and tonal relations of the perceptual cue and
the to-be-imaged tonality. Finally, representations of minor tonal hierarchies were less robust than those of major ones,
converging with perceptual evidence that minor tonalities are less psychologically stable than major tonalities. 相似文献
97.
Lamy D Egeth HE 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2003,29(5):1003-1020
Six experiments were conducted to determine the circumstances under which an irrelevant singleton captures attention. Subjects searched for a target while ignoring a salient distractor that appeared at different stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) prior to each search display. Spatial congruency and interference effects were measured. The strategies available to find the target were controlled (only singleton-detection mode, only feature-search mode, or both search strategies available). An irrelevant abrupt onset captured attention in search for a color target, across SOAs, whatever strategies were available. In contrast, in search for a shape target, an irrelevant color singleton captured attention in the singleton-detection condition but delayed response at its location in the feature-search condition, across SOAs. When both strategies were available, capture was short lived (50- to 100-msec SOAs). The theoretical implications of these findings in relation to current views on attentional capture are discussed. ((c) 2003 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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When making decisions animals can rely on information stored in memory and/or on information available through perceptual
processes. Under some circumstances, perceptual access to a relevant piece of information can be lost as when a prey hides
under a cover. If this piece of information is critical, the animal must be able to keep it active in the working memory until
the final decision is made. Species endowed with object permanence can to a certain extent overcome such a lack of perceptual
access. Numerous studies have investigated object permanence in animals, but no study systematically examined the interaction
when making a decision between an information directly available through perception and an information that can no longer
be perceived. In the present study, domestic cats (Felis catus) were administered a progressive elimination task in which they had to visit and deplete either two visible and one hidden
target (e.g., Experiments 1 and 2) or one visible and two hidden targets (e.g., Experiments 3 and 4). The cats were brought
back to the starting point after each visit to any target whether that target had been previously visited or not. The results
revealed that the cats searched at the visible target(s) first and at the hidden target(s) last, which was referred to as
the visibility rule. The results also revealed that the position of the bowl that was distinct (e.g., the visible bowl when
the two other ones were hidden and the opposite) influenced the way this cognitive rule was implemented. More specifically,
when the intermediate bowl was distinct the visibility rule was readily implemented but when either the right of the left
bowl was distinct the visibility was violated. That is the cats did no longer choose the visible target(s) first. The visibility
rule was interpreted in terms of optimization principles, the external distinct target effect was interpreted in terms of
divided attention and lateralization. 相似文献
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