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291.
292.
From an investigation of movement after-effects induced by a rotating field, it seems that the information content of the inspection field is an important determinant of the subsequent movement after-effects (M.A.E.). This finding, considered in conjunction with phenomena evoked during perception of high information content and highly redundant fields, is discussed in connection with Anstis and Gregory's (1965) work on the role of retinal stimulation in the production of M.A.E.s. 相似文献
293.
Danny R. Dixon Bruce A. Thyer 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1998,20(2):187-198
Differences between male veterans diagnosed with major depression alone and male veterans diagnosed with both major depression and dysthymia (double depression) were investigated. Assessment instruments included the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R). Consistent with prior literature, it was hypothesized that male veterans diagnosed with both major depression and dysthymia display more severe depressive symptomatology and other forms of psychopathology than male veterans diagnosed with major depression alone. Results did not corroborate these hypotheses. Patients with double depression (n = 17) yielded BDI and SCL-90-R scores which did not differ significantly from those of patients with major depression alone (n = 14). Our results call into question the existence of double depression among men, a disorder whose existence has been demonstrated primarily among women. 相似文献
294.
Mark R. Dixon Linda J. Hayes Lisa M. Binder Sharon Manthey Connie Sigman Darlene M. Zdanowski 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1998,31(2):203-210
The present study evaluated a technique for teaching self-control and increasing desirable behaviors among adults with developmental disabilities. Results showed that when participants were initially given the choice between an immediate smaller reinforcer and a larger delayed reinforcer, all participants repeatedly chose the smaller reinforcer. Concurrent fixed-duration/progressive-duration reinforcement schedules then were introduced in which initially both the smaller and larger reinforcers were available immediately. Thereafter, progressively increasing delays were introduced for the schedule associated with the larger reinforcer only. When initial short-duration requirements for access to the larger reinforcer were gradually increased, participants repeatedly selected the larger reinforcer, thereby demonstrating increased self-control. 相似文献
295.
A number of theories suggest that for young children, concepts should have an important motoric (or sensory-motor) component. A levels-of-processing theory is proposed which predicts that processing on motoric imagery should facilitate memory for both isolated words and for sentences. Experiment 1 examined the effects of motoric enactment (viz., pretend play) of sentences on memory for the sentences. Motoric imagery facilitated memory for both children (5 to 7 years of age) and adults, though, contrary to expectations, the effects were weaker for the children than for the adults. Further, it was found that motoric imagery affected the initial acquisition, but was not important as a retreival cue. Experiment 2 examined the effects of motoric imagery on free recall of lists of unrelated words. Under these conditions, motoric imagery facilitated memory for both children (7 to 9 years of age) and adults equally; in contrast, visual imagery instructions had no effect on memory. These results indicate that motoric imagery may facilitate memory under conditions in which visual imagery has no effect. Theoretical implications are explored for previous experiments on pretend play which suggest that training for pretent enactment can facilitate cognitive development. 相似文献
296.
The Struggle for the Nature of “Prejudice”: “Prejudice” Expression as Identity Performance 下载免费PDF全文
This article develops an identity performance model of prejudice that highlights the creative influence of prejudice expressions on norms and situations. Definitions of prejudice can promote social change or stability when they are used to achieve social identification, explanation, and mobilization. Tacit or explicit agreement about the nature of prejudice is accomplished collaboratively by persuading others to accept (1) an abstract definition of “prejudice,” (2) concrete exemplars of “prejudice,” and (3) associated beliefs about how a target group should be treated. This article reviews three ways in which “prejudice” can be defined in the cut and thrust of social interaction, namely, by mobilizing hatred and violence, by accusation and denial, and by repression. The struggle for the nature of prejudice determines who can be badly treated and by whom. Studying such ordinary struggles to define what counts (and does not count) as “prejudice” will allow us to understand how identities are produced, norms are set into motion, and populations are mobilized as social relations are reformulated. 相似文献
297.
Sarah M. Dunkel‐Jackson Mark R. Dixon Susan Szekely 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2016,49(3):705-710
The present investigation attempted to teach self‐control to 3 adults who had been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Using a self‐control training procedure that coupled a gradual fading of delay to access a large delayed reinforcer with a concurrent work requirement, each participant was exposed to conditions in which baseline levels of choices for large delayed reinforcers and task engagement increased 10‐fold. Furthermore, generalization effects were partially demonstrated in a novel context. 相似文献
298.
Wayne A. Dixon 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2000,78(1):87-91
The purpose of this study was to examine whether problem‐solving appraisal plays a role in recovery from depression in a university population. It was predicted that self‐appraised effective problem solvers would be more likely to recover from a depressive episode than self‐appraised ineffective problem solvers. Consistent with this hypothesis, there was a significant Time 1 problem‐solving appraisal x Time 1 depression interaction in predicting Time 2 depression scores. More specifically, by Time 2 the self‐appraised effective problem solvers reported only mild levels of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] = 12), whereas the self‐appraised ineffective problem solvers reported levels of depression that were moderate to severe (BDI = 20). 相似文献
299.
300.
The present paper comments on and extends the citation analysis of verbal operant publications based on Skinner''s Verbal Behavior (1957) by Dymond, O''Hora, Whelan, and O''Donovan (2006). Variations in population parameters were evaluated for only those studies that Dymond et al. categorized as empirical. Preliminary results indicate that the majority of empirical research in the area of verbal behavior has been conducted with the younger developmentally disabled population and has focused on verbal operants from the introductory chapters of Skinner''s book. It is clear that Verbal Behavior has influenced empirical research over the past 50 years. We believe, however, that there are many underdeveloped research areas originating from Verbal Behavior that have not yet been addressed. Suggestions for extended areas of research are provided. 相似文献