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301.
Representational Momentum Beyond Internalized Physics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dirk Kerzel 《Current directions in psychological science》2005,14(4):180-184
Abstract— Prediction of future motion is necessary in order to successfully deal with moving objects. Implicit measures have been used to evaluate the sources of information used in this task. For instance, observers may be asked to localize the final position of a moving target. Judgments have been found to be displaced in the direction of motion (forward displacement), suggesting that observers have internalized a mental analogue of physical momentum. However, more recent studies have shown that forward displacement may not be caused by cognitive mechanisms alone. Rather, predictive mechanisms at the perceptual and motor levels may contribute to the forward error. Supporting the notion that mechanisms of anticipation may be embodied, the forward error was found to depend on the execution of eye and pointing movements. Also, forward displacement depended on the motion type that was presented (smooth vs. jerky or implied), which suggests that attention moves to the next expected target position to facilitate responses to this position. 相似文献
302.
Suppressing and faking emotional expressions depletes personal resources and predicts job strain for customer-contact employees. The authors argue that personal control over behavior, in the job and within the national culture, provides compensatory resources that reduce this strain. With a survey study of 196 employees from the United States and France, the authors supported that high job autonomy buffered the relationship of emotion regulation with emotional exhaustion and, to a lesser extent, job dissatisfaction. The relationship of emotion regulation with job dissatisfaction also depended on the emotional culture; the relationship was weaker for French customer-contact employees who were proposed to have more personal control over expressions than U.S. employees. Theoretical and research implications for the emotion regulation literature and practical suggestions for minimizing job strain are proposed. 相似文献
303.
Job control and burnout across occupations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Taris TW Stoffelsen J Bakker AB Schaufeli WB van Dierendonck D 《Psychological reports》2005,97(3):955-961
Researchers have reported that, for individual workers, low job control is associated with high burnout; however, as yet it is unclear whether this association holds for occupations as well. Whether differences in job control between occupations as assessed by eight expert judges could account for individual-level and occupational-level differences in burnout rates. Data were obtained from 9,503 incumbents of 28 occupations in The Netherlands (M age = 37.9 yr., SD = 8.7; 50% were men). Burnout was measured on the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Occupational-level job control was inversely correlated with burnout, explaining 16% of the variation in occupational-level burnout. Thus, between-occupation differences in job control are somewhat systematically related to burnout. 相似文献
304.
305.
We describe a device that can display very high intensity (up to 400,000 cd/m2), high-resolution visual stimuli. The device is inexpensive, is easily controlled by a conventional computer and video card,
and can be calibrated for use in vision research or clinical applications. The display is capable of presenting highly saturated,
near spectral colors. Unlike Maxwellian view optical systems, our display can be viewed binocularly and does not require exacting
head restraint. We describe the construction, give a design example, and describe our calibration procedure. Furthermore,
we report measurements of the color gamut, spatial resolution, temporal characteristics, and the dynamic range of light intensity. 相似文献
306.
Negative priming with masked distractor-only prime trials: awareness moderates negative priming 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The literature yields inconsistent evidence for negative priming (NP) following masked distractor-only prime trials. We contrast two different hypotheses on the inconsistent findings: one - which is most compatible with the temporal discrimination theory - that relates the sign of priming effects to the absence vs. presence of prime awareness and one -which is most compatible with the inhibition and episodic retrieval accounts - that relates the sign of priming effects to the prime event being categorized as a to-be-attended vs. to-be-ignored event. In two experiments, it turned out that participants' awareness of the masked stimuli caused the different results (with participants being not aware of the primes showing NP), whereas the factor prime color = probe target color vs. prime color = probe distractor color (i.e., the prime contains the to-be-attended vs. the to-be-ignored signal) did not moderate NP. These findings are discussed with regard to theories of negative priming and the debate on conscious vs. unconscious perception. 相似文献
307.
The authors investigated whether effects of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) are influenced by salience asymmetries, independent of associations. Two series of experiments analyzed unique effects of salience by using nonassociated, neutral categories that differed in salience. In a 3rd series, salience asymmetries were manipulated experimentally while holding associations between categories constant. In a 4th series, valent associations of the target categories were manipulated experimentally while holding salience asymmetries constant. Throughout, IAT effects were found to depend on salience asymmetries. Additionally, salience asymmetries between categories were assessed directly with a visual search task to provide an independent criterion of salience asymmetries. Salience asymmetries corresponded to IAT effects and also accounted for common variance in IAT effects and explicit measures of attitudes or the self-concept. 相似文献
308.
Reinstatement of extinguished conditioned responses and negative stimulus valence as a pathway to return of fear in humans
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Dirikx T Hermans D Vansteenwegen D Baeyens F Eelen P 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2004,11(5):549-554
The present study investigated reinstatement of conditioned responses in humans by using a differential Pavlovian conditioning procedure. Evidence for reinstatement was established in a direct (fear rating) and in an indirect measure (secondary reaction time task) of conditioning. Moreover, the amount of reinstatement in the secondary reaction time task was significantly correlated with the difference in valence between the conditioned stimulus (CS)+ and the CS-after extinction. These data provide clear evidence for reinstatement and for the role of negative stimulus valence in the return of conditioned responding after extinction. 相似文献
309.
Kerzel D 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2004,11(5):848-853
Localization of the onset and offset of a moving target is subject to a number of errors that have to be attributed to events
following or preceding the target event. Apparently, observers are unable to ignore the spatiotemporal context surrounding
the target event. In two experiments, observers’ attention was directed toward a single position along a trajectory, two positions
along a single trajectory, or two positions along two different trajectories. In the latter condition, attention to details
of a single trajectory was reduced. At the same time, motion type was manipulated by varying the temporal interval between
successive target presentations. The localization error was not affected by attentional load; however, effects of motion type
were eliminated when two trajectories had to be attended to. It may be sufficient to notice that the target has moved for
localization errors to occur, while specifics of the trajectory are ignored. 相似文献
310.
Díaz D Rodríguez-Carvajal R Blanco A Moreno-Jiménez B Gallardo I Valle C van Dierendonck D 《Psicothema》2006,18(3):572-577
The aim of this paper is to adapt to Spanish the D. van Direndonck version of Carol Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales, and to analyse its consistency and factorial validity. All the scales exhibited good internal reliabilities, with Cronbach alpha's ranging from 0.83 (Self-acceptance) to 0.68 (Personal growth). However, confirmatory factor analyses didn't corroborate the six-factor model (Self-acceptance, Positive relations, Autonomy, Environmental mastery, Purpose in life, and Personal growth) with a second order factor called Psychological Well-Being . To improve the psychometric properties, a new reduced version was proposed that indeed will facilitate the application. The scales of the new version maintain and raise its internal consistency (Cronbach alpha's 0.84 to 0.70). Furthermore, the scales shown an excellent fit to the theoretical model proposed by D. van Dierendonck. 相似文献