人眼深度运动知觉的研究

人类的深度运动知觉,是通过检测二维平面内的相对运动而形成的。本文在心理物理学实验基础上,揭示该机制的数学与生理学实现形式。视觉系统中存在对视平面内的相对运动敏感的神经元,构成深度运动的检测机制,产生单眼深度运动知觉与双眼深度运动知觉。在心理学上,视觉利用物体视角变化及大小知觉的恒常性判断深度运动。文中还初步讨论了人类的深度运动知觉与蜜蜂,家蝇等昆虫的深度运动知觉的区别。     

樟柳碱所致学习和记忆障碍动物模型的探讨

本实验采用水迷津法、步下法和步入法,用樟柳碱制备学习和记忆障碍的动物模型。结果表明,樟柳碱(10毫克/公斤)可使小鼠引起学习障碍,其表现为通过水迷津全程的时间延长,而且小鼠进入盲路的错误次数明显增多。樟柳碱(10毫克/公斤)可使小鼠引起记忆障碍,在樟柳碱的影响下,小鼠步下平台或步入暗箱的潜伏期明显缩短,并使它们的错误次数增多。本实验结果进一步表明,测定小鼠的记忆障碍,步入法似乎比步下法更为敏感。     

隔区或皮质顶叶损毁对大鼠空间认知能力的影响及大鼠搜索策略差异的研究

本研究的目的是探讨隔区或皮质顶叶在大鼠空间认知加工中的作用。实验观察到隔区或皮质顶叶损毁大鼠Morris迷宫学习或记忆作业成绩显著低于控制组,并发现隔区损毁大鼠主要采用与皮质顶叶或控制组不同的“非国类”搜索策略。搜索策略的差异提示:隔区和皮质顶叶在大鼠图认知加工系统中处于不同的功能层次,隔区具有更重要的作用。     

数字式肌电显示仪及其在体育中的应用

本文介绍数字式肌电显示仪。由微电极检测得到的肌电信号经过放大器之后被本仪器以数字形式显示出来,由于其具有对输出量的保持以及提供不同的展示肌电值的时间间隔的功能,它可以用于估计和分析人体的紧张程度。本仪器已用于国家射击队的心理训练。     

独生与非独生儿童认知发展的比较研究(广州市)

为了研究中国独生子女政策可能造成的独生和非独生儿童的认知能力的差别,分别在广州七所小学一年级和五年级中选择了146名和171名独生与非独生儿童。用11项认知能力测验对这些儿童进行测查。一年级独生儿童在言语记忆和一般常识项目上的成绩优于非独生儿童。研究认为,一年级独生儿童在与一般认知能力有关的项目上具有优势。而五年级的独生儿童在认知作业成绩上,没有表现出显著性的优势。另外,独生男童在一般常识方面优于独生女童。作者用独生儿童受到较大的父母关注和投资来解释一年级独生对非独生儿童在认知方面的优势。随着儿童的自然成熟和学业教育,两者之间的差距会逐渐缩小,从而使五年级独生儿童未能在认知方面表现出明显的优势。     

基诺族左右利手分布的再调查

1981年,全国利手研究协作组对基诺族的左右利手分布作了首次调查。这次调查的结果是,基诺族全部是强右利手。这是一个非常特殊的结论。为此,一九八九年我们对基诺族的左右利手分布又作了一次调查。调查发现,基诺族并不都是强右利手,他们当中既有一般的右利手,也有混合利手,还有左利手,甚至有1.79％的强左利手。基诺族的左利率高于汉族,但与其他少数民族接近。基诺族的左利率偏高占其传统文化有关。全国利手研究协作组的调查结果应该修正。     

The effects of choice-making on the problem behaviors of high school students with intellectual disabilities

This investigation was conducted in an effort to systematically extend the emerging data base having to do with choice-making opportunities and the behavior of students with disabilities. In particular, the current analyses examined the effects of choice-making on the problem behavior and task engagement of three high school students with intellectual disabilities as the students performed domestic and vocational activities. Multiple baseline and reversal designs demonstrated that the choice conditions reduced problem behaviors and increased task engagement for all participants. Data having to do with student affect and task productivity were less consistent. The findings on the relationship between choice making and problem behavior replicate and extend a growing literature on the desirable effects of choice-making for individuals with disabilities. The results are discussed in terms of recent developments in behavioral support, as well as the need for ongoing conceptual and applied research.     

How Tillich and Kohut both find courage in faith

Courage has long been considered an important virtue, but throughout most of history its prime location was the battlefield. The chief exemplars of courage were warriors. Theologian Paul Tillich and psychologist Heinz Kohut have both written about courage, and each in his own way contributes to a new and broader understanding of courage, making it more applicable to the battlefields of everyday life. Specifically, they explain why courage is needed to fight emotional and spiritual dangers— and why religious faith vitalizes the self to overcome those dangers. Although the ideas of Tillich and Kohut on courage have been critiqued separately, this essay is the first attempt to integrate the two writers' theories. As psychologists and theologians look for intersections between their disciplines, this case study on courage shows how two prominent representatives in their fields are more compatible than people may realize.     

试论反应性抑郁形成的心理过程

对反应性抑郁形成的心理过程进行解释的理论中 ,较有影响的有精神分析理论、控制理论、认知理论、自我注意理论和行为主义理论。由于这些理论都仅强调某一个因素的作用 ,因而有一定的局限性。如果综合考虑这些因素 ,同时还考虑到评价、个体扮演角色的多少及其采用的应付方式等因素的作用 ,就可以看出反应性抑郁形成的完整心理过程。