心理健康素质测评系统·中国成年人人际健康素质量表的编制

在文献分析和专家评定的基础之上,构建了人际健康素质的基本结构,并编制了初始的中国成年人人际健康素质问卷。然后通过项目区分度分析和验证性因素分析对初始问卷进行了修订,最终形成了包括合群性、亲仁性、利他性、共情性和友善性5个维度的正式量表。结果表明,人际健康素质量表具有较高的内部一致性信度、重测信度和分半信度以及较好的内容效度、结构效度、校标关联效度和会聚效度。结论：人际健康素质量表具有较好的心理测量学特征,可以作为中国成年人人际健康素质的心理测量工具。     

等级反应模型下计算机化自适应测验选题策略

计算机化自适应测验(CAT)中的选题策略,一直是国内外相关学者关注的问题。然而对多级评分的CAT的选题策略的研究却很少报导。本研究采用计算机模拟程序对等级反应模型(Graded Response Model)下CAT的四种选题策略进行研究。研究表明：等级难度值与当前能力估计值匹配选题策略的综合评价最高;在选题策略中增设 “影子题库”可以明显提高项目调用的均匀性;并且不同的项目参数分布或不同的能力估计方法都对CAT评价指标有影响     

人类辅助生殖技术中的伦理监督与实践

我国人类辅助生殖技术的开展以及相关法律规范的实施为该技术的运用带来伦理管理的新课题。分别阐述辅助生殖技术中伦理监督的重要意义、重点与难点,对我院具体管理工作与实践探索作了介绍,并对该技术伦理监督管理中的几个问题进行了讨论。     

东晋南朝谢氏家族病史与道教信仰

勾稽沉湮的历史,我们发现,谢氏家族有较为严重的遗传病史。为此,谢家采用三种方式应对:即归诚道门、重视草药疗效与纵情丘壑。这中间,最重要的是乞灵于五斗米教——与钱塘杜子恭交往。然而,这种信仰因孙恩起义而被强行中断,谢家只保留了东山养病的远祖遗风。这对于我们深入理解谢家“东山”遗风,以及谢家在山水文学中的突出贡献,都不无裨益。     

宗教信徒之视野

宗教作为一种社会意识形态,对社会存在的反映有其特殊的方式,这种反映方式使信徒与非信徒有所区别。本文以宗教信徒与非宗教信徒之共处的社会环境为背景,在逐次排除其反映社会生活的共同方面的基础上,从而引出两者对社会生活反映方式的根本差别,就在于信徒有着对社会生活的双重视野及价值标准,而这也正是信徒所特有的,并一直被宗教所传承的共性。     

SOA对Stroop启动效应的影响:行为和ERP研究

在Stroop启动范式中,启动刺激是灰色的色词,目标刺激是颜色块,被试的任务是命名颜色块的颜色。本研究通过行为实验和事件相关电位(ERP)实验的方法,研究SOA(Stimulus Onset Asynchrony)对Stroop启动效应的影响。当SOA为107ms时,在行为数据(反应时)和ERP数据(N300成分)上均表现出明显的启动效应;当SOA为1040ms时,行为上和ERP上的启动效应消失。该结果提示了在Stroop启动效应中,启动刺激对目标刺激的影响很可能是发生在对目标刺激的知觉加工晚期。     

Is Mozi a utilitarian philosopher?

In this essay I argue that Mozi’s philosophy is anything but utilitarianism by way of analysing four ethical theories. Utilitarianism is an ethics in which the moral subject is an atomic individual human being, and its concern is how to fulfill the interests of the individual self and the social majority. Confucian ethics is centered on the notion of the family and its basic question is that of priority in the relationship between the small self and the enlarged or collective self. Opposite to these two moral theories is Mozi’s ethics: The interests that Mozi is primarily concerned with are not the interests of my individual self or my collective self, but the interests of the other. The fulfillment of the material needs of the other is my moral obligation. The arguments are centered on the three basic concepts, “the I,” “the we,” and “the other.” The significance of Mozi’s thought in modern or postmodern context lies in its striking resemblance to the philosophy of a contemporary western philosopher, Levinas. In both Mozi and Levinas, there is a suspension of utilitarianism. __________ Translated from Zhongguo Zhexue Shi 中国哲学史 (History of Chinese Philosophy), 2005 (1)     

体操运动员应激反应特点的研究

情绪紧张或应激状态可引起一系列生理生化反应。但是后天的训练和应激经验能否影响这些反应尚所知不多。本实验比较了运动员与非运动员在实验室内完成一复杂辨别反应时,即在与运动无关的应激状态下尿内儿茶酚胺的分泌量、心率、心律、呼吸率和呼吸积分等变化的异同。发现在紧张性作业时运动员尿内几茶酚胺的分泌仅有小量的不显著的增加,而非运动员则有显著增加。运动员和非运动员尿内儿茶酚胺分泌量差别显著。在紧张性作业时运动员和非运动员的心率均有显著增加,R—R间期标准差则均变小。运动员的心率在休息或作业时均比非运动员慢,R—R间期标准差则均大于相应条件下非运动员的。紧张性作业时运动员和非运动员呼吸率均明显增加,作为相对呼吸流量的呼吸积分值均显著下降。运动员的呼吸积分值均低于相应条件下非运动员的,但两组间差异未达显著水平。结果表明后天的训练和应激经验对机体在应激状态下尿内几茶酚胺分泌量、心率、心律、相对呼吸流量等生理反应有不同程度的影响。     

Molecular carrier testing for the fragile X syndrome: Issues for genetic counselors

Molecular analysis of the fragile X (FMR-1) gene identifies female fragile X carriers, but appropriate genetic counseling can only be provided if the limitations of the testing methods are understood. Molecular analysis of this gene is achieved with both the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot techniques. PCR is faster and can determine the actual number of CGG repeats, which modifies genetic counseling substantially. However, for a sizeable percentage of women, PCR alone is not conclusive, and Southern analysis is necessary to complete the study. While this procedure takes longer, it is usually conclusive. Women who present for genetic counseling and carrier testing in the second trimester of pregnancy need this information quickly, and for them the turn-around time is paramount. It is critical that genetic counselors understand these methods so that they can educate their clients and facilitate appropriate follow-up.     

Evaluation of a dynamical model of speech perception

Previous work (Tuller, Case, Ding, & Kelso, 1994) has revealed signature properties of nonlinear dynamical systems in how people categorize speech sounds. The data were modeled by using a twowell potential function that deformed with stimulus properties and was sensitive to context. Here we evaluate one prediction of the model—namely, that the rate of change of the potential’s slope should increase when the category is repeatedly perceived. Judged goodness of category membership was used as an index of the slope of the potential. Stimuli from a “say”-“stay” continuum were presented with gap duration changing sequentially throughout the range from 0 to 76 to 0 msec, or from 76 to 0 to 76 msec. Subjects identified each token as either “say” or “stay” and rated how good an exemplar it was of the identified category. As predicted, the same physical stimulus presented at the end of a sequence was judged a better exemplar of the category than was the identical stimulus presented at the beginning of the sequence. In contrast, stimuli presented twice near the middle of a sequence with few (or no) stimuli between them, as well as stimuli presented with an intervening random set, showed no such differences. These results confirm the hypothesis of a context-sensitive dynamical representation underlying speech.