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排序方式: 共有91条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Having Casual Sex: Additive and Interactive Effects of Alcohol and Condom Availability on the Determinants of Intentions 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The impact of alcohol, condom availability, and gender on intentions to engage in casual sex and its antecedents was investigated. Students ( N = 384) who were or were not intoxicated with alcohol completed measures based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in relation to having casual sex in a scenario. The scenario described sex between 2 individuals not in a relationship and manipulated the consumption of alcohol of the sexual partners and availability of condoms. The data were supportive of the TPB: Intentions were predictable from attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC). Results also support the inclusion of measures of past behavior and anticipated affective reactions, but not self-identity or moral norms as predictors of intentions. Alcohol in the scenario and condom availability increased intentions to have sex. There were also several interaction effects. Implications for using the TPB to understand sexual behaviors under the influence of alcohol are discussed. 相似文献
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Titi Dina 《The Ecumenical review》2001,53(3):380-384
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We propose the recently introduced implicit measure of psychological capital (PsyCap), the Implicit Psychological Capital Questionnaire (I-PCQ; Harms & Luthans, 2012), can provide a needed valid alternative to the self-report Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ). We explain the development of the I-PCQ items, assess the structural validity of the instrument, test its vulnerability to response distortion, and assess its capacity to predicting work attitudes and behaviors vis-à-vis the PCQ and Big Five personality facets. We found that the I-PCQ demonstrated acceptable structural validity that was consistent with and added to prior theorizing, was resistant to response distortion, and predicted work outcomes above and beyond the widely used self-report PCQ and Big Five personality traits. We conclude that the I-PCQ represents a valid, easily administered measure of psychological capital that minimizes problems associated with self-reports and is appropriate for use in work settings. 相似文献
26.
Dina Guglielmi Greta Mazzetti Paola Villano Gabriela Topa Cantisano 《Psychology, health & medicine》2018,23(5):511-516
Work environments characterized by inadequate work conditions have been widely recognized as being particularly prone to the occurrence and exacerbation of bullying behavior. Accordingly, this longitudinal study aimed to explore whether the impact of effort–reward imbalance (ERI) on workplace bullying was mediated by a lower perception of organizational justice, and whether the association between ERI and perceptions of justice was moderated by organizational identification. In the current study, a sample of N = 195 Spanish employees from different occupational sectors filled in an online questionnaire at two different times with a time lag of 8 months. In line with the hypothesized moderated mediation model, results showed that organizational justice mediated the impact of ERI on workplace bullying. Moreover, the effect of perceived ERI on organizational justice was stronger for employees with low organizational identification. Overall, this study can contribute to better understanding how and when ERI boosts the risk of workplace bullying. Accordingly, early intervention designed to buffer the negative effects of ERI should focus on increasing individual levels of organizational identification. 相似文献
27.
Goodie JL Williams PM Kurzweil D Marcellas KB 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(4):353-360
Medical school curricula often provide insufficient time and instruction for health behavior change counseling. We examined
the feasibility of blending classroom and distributed learning experiences to teach medical students how to initiate health
behavior change counseling and analyzed the impact of this approach on their attitudes, knowledge, and skills. Usage patterns
and pre- to post-class attitude and knowledge changes were assessed with self-report questions among 153 third year family
medicine clerkship students. Most students viewed at least 90% of the online written content and took an average of 41 min
(SD = 24 min 35 s) to view all of the content. Students’ confidence in their ability to help patients change unhealthy behaviors
significantly improved (p < .01). The blended learning curriculum facilitated learning of behavior change skills, encouraged interaction with course
materials, and improved medical students’ self confidence for using health behavior change skills. 相似文献
28.
Greenberg D 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2006,60(1-2):153-155
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A.?L.?McDowell D.?L.?Samuelson B.?S.?Dina P.?E.?GarraghtyEmail author 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2004,39(4):307-317
We have shown previously that the antiepileptic phenytoin impairs transfer in an instrumental learning task (Banks et al.,
1999). The present study examined the effects of contextual alterations on appetitive-to-aversive transfer performance of
rats treated with either phenytoin or tang. Adult rats were tested in tone-signaled appetitive and aversive instrumental tasks,
where the animal bar-pressed to obtain a food reward (sugar pellet) or to avoid shock. Rats were trained on the appetitive
task for 31 days. Beginning on the twenty-first day, rats were gavaged with either phenytoin or tang twice daily. Animals
were then transferred to aversive training, with the phenytoin or tang treatment continuing throughout the 25 testing days.
For some animals, contextual changes were introduced as they shifted from appetitive to aversive training, while for other
animals these changes were not made. Phenytoin-treated rats that were presented with changes in context as they transferred
from the appetitive to the aversive task learned the avoidance response to levels substantially higher than drug-treated rats
not presented with the contextual changes. These results indicate that phenytoin impairs avoidance learning following transfer
from the appetitive task, and that this impairment can be eliminated by introducing changes in context at the point of transfer.
In the tang-treated control subjects, on the other hand, there was no improvement in transfer learning performance associated
with the changes in contextual cues. This pattern of results suggests that contextual encoding processes in rats being trained
in an instrumental appetitive-to-aversive paradigm are dramatically affected by phenytoin. 相似文献
30.
Sandak R Mencl WE Frost SJ Rueckl JG Katz L Moore DL Mason SA Fulbright RK Constable RT Pugh KR 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2004,4(1):67-88
fMRI was used to investigate the separate influences of orthographic, phonological, and semantic processing on the ability
to learn new words and the cortical circuitry recruited to subsequently read those words. In a behavioral session, subjects
acquired familiarity for three sets of pseudowords, attending to orthographic, phonological, or (learned) semantic features.
Transfer effects were measured in an event-related fMRI session as the subjects named trained pseudowords, untrained pseudowords,
and real words. Behaviorally, phonological and semantic training resulted in better learning than did orthographic training.
Neurobiologically, orthographic training did not modulate activation in the main reading regions. Phonological and semantic
training yielded equivalent behavioral facilitation but distinct functional activation patterns, suggesting that the learning
resulting from these two training conditions was driven by different underlying processes. The findings indicate that the
putative ventral visual word form area is sensitive to the phonological structure of words, with phonologically analytic processing
contributing to the specialization of this region. 相似文献