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141.
Nishant Uppal Sushanta Kumar Mishra Neharika Vohra 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2014,22(1):39-51
In contrast to the general notion, recent studies presented a negative or insignificant relationship between prior related work experience (PRWE) and job performance (JP) and suggestively attributed the theoretically inconsistent results to individual factors. Using a sample of 688 sales persons in the insurance industry, the present study found support for the positive relationship between PRWE and JP. Further, the study found the moderation effect of personality factors on the above relationship. Implication of the study to the practitioners and the academia is discussed. 相似文献
142.
Jared W. Young Susan B. Powell Mark A. Geyer Dilip V. Jeste Victoria B. Risbrough 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2010,10(2):243-251
Humans exhibit considerable variance in cognitive decline with age, with some exhibiting little disruption and others becoming
significantly impaired. In aged rodents, individual differences in spatial memory have been used to identify putative compensatory
mechanisms underlying successful hippocampal aging. However, there are few parallel rodent models of cognitive decline in
frontal-cortex-mediated functions. We tested the hypothesis that, like aged humans, aged mice would exhibit greater variance
in executive function measures, as compared with young mice. We examined the performance of young and aged C57BL/6N mice in
the attentional-set-shifting task. Whereas young and old mice did not differ on trials-to-criterion performance, aged mice
exhibited significantly greater variance in mean correct latency—selective to the extradimensional shifting stage—as compared
with their younger counterparts. Thus, this task may be used to identify mechanisms underlying individual differences in decline
of frontal-mediated performances with age. 相似文献
143.
Hanna B. Kastein Rebecca Winter A. K. Vinoth Kumar Sripathi Kandula Sabine Schmidt 《Animal cognition》2013,16(6):945-959
Different cognitive processes underlying voice identity perception in humans may have precursors in mammals. A perception of vocal signatures may govern individualised interactions in bats, which comprise species living in complex social structures and are nocturnal, fast-moving mammals. This paper investigates to what extent bats recognise, and discriminate between, individual voices and discusses acoustic features relevant for accomplishing these tasks. In spontaneous presentation and habituation–dishabituation experiments, we investigated how Megaderma lyra perceives and evaluates stimuli consisting of contact call series with individual-specific signatures from either social partners or unknown individuals. Spontaneous presentations of contact call stimuli from social partners or unknown individuals elicited strong, but comparable reactions. In the habituation–dishabituation experiments, bats dishabituated significantly to any new stimulus. However, reactions were less pronounced to a novel stimulus from the bat used for habituation than to stimuli from other bats, irrespective of familiarity, which provides evidence for identity discrimination. A model separately assessing the dissimilarity of stimuli in syllable frequencies, syllable durations and inter-call intervals relative to learned memory templates accounted for the behaviour of the bats. With respect to identity recognition, the spontaneous presentation experiments were not conclusive. However, the habituation–dishabituation experiments suggested that the bats recognised voices of social partners as the reaction to a re-habituation stimulus differed after a dishabituation stimulus from a social partner and an unknown bat. 相似文献
144.
Tracy R. Harmon‐Kizer Anand Kumar David Ortinau James Stock 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2013,12(6):483-495
The current research provides a framework for understanding how centrality impacts people's choice of brands and related brand connectedness. Motivated by the need to validate their self‐image, individuals use brands to express and confirm their identities. The authors hypothesize that greater centrality of the identity to the self strengthens the connectedness an individual has for brands with value‐expressive properties. Three studies using experimental designs examined whether people whose identity is central to their self‐conception leads to stronger self‐brand connectedness than peripheral identities. In study 1, the results showed that people whose shopping identity was central (versus peripheral) to their self‐concept led to stronger self‐brand connections. Study 2 replicated the findings of study 1 employing brand symbolism as a moderator. Brands high in symbolic properties led to stronger brand connections for an individual's central identities compared with their peripheral identities. Study 3 replicated the influence of centrality on brand choice and self‐brand connections by generalizing this effect to reference group identities. Collectively, the studies provide evidence that individuals integrate brand associations into their self‐concept on the basis of both the centrality of the identity and the level of symbolism the brands holds for an identity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
145.
146.
Amir Raza Subhani Dipak Kumar Mondal Chandan Mondal 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(6):240-251
ABSTRACTOver the last few decades, the use of steel (the most significant structural engineering material) is facing a significant challenge due to its replacement by other materials (such as composites) possessing higher strength-to-weight ratio/specific strength. This necessitates further enhancement in the strength of steel. In particular, low-carbon steel, in the annealed condition, suffers from inherent problems of poor strength and discontinuous yielding. In this research work a novel heat treatment route of incomplete austenitisation-based cyclic ice-brine quenching has been adopted on low-carbon steel (AISI 1010 steel containing 0.1 wt.% C) without considering any costly alloying or thermo-mechanical treatment. Accordingly, exceptionally high strength (UTS?=?1.7?GPa) and specific strength (226?MPa?g?1cm3) are achieved after three cycles along with a modest ductility (% Elongation?=?9). This is the highest strength reported so far for low-carbon steel containing 0.1 wt.% C. Yield point phenomenon is also eliminated. This is attributed to a novel microstructure consisting of highly sub-structured fine plate martensite crystals containing internal twin and dislocation tangles along with dispersion of nano-sized cementite particles and clusters of cementite particles. 相似文献
147.
148.
In this paper, we examine the role of personal agency as a key antecedent of regret that individuals experience when the outcome of their decision is unfavorable. In contrast to previous research that documents its exacerbating role, we find that personal agency mitigates regret under certain circumstances. A series of experimental studies show that personal responsibility for the decision may attenuate subjective perceptions of the extent of failure and mitigate regret. However, when the superior outcome of the foregone option is known and the failure of the chosen option is irreversible, personal agency may amplify regret. We also find that subjective failure perceptions mediate the relationship between personal agency and regret levels. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
149.
Neelam Kumar 《Psychological studies》2010,55(3):270-274
This paper intends to re-emphasize the relationship among Psychology, Popper and his Philosophy. Popper, who is often considered as one of the most important philosophers of science, had associations with the discipline of psychology in his early years. Popper was associated with Würzburg school of psychology, especially the psychologies of Külpe, Selz and Bühler. However, there was a change in Popper’s interest from the psychology of discovery to an objectivist epistemology—that is, to the logic of discovery, which he himself acknowledged (1976, p. 55). Popper, not only turned away from psychology, as early as 1930 or thereabouts, he later became one of the most outspoken opponents of a psychological approach to science. This antipathy has worked both ways! Very few psychologists study and discuss Popper. His place in the history of psychology, certainly remains inadequate. But why should psychologists ignore Popper? Instead of turning away from Popper, Psychologists’ efforts should be directed towards bringing into focus Popper, his works and association with psychology. This paper argues and tries to discuss the relationships among Popper, his training in psychology and his philosophy. 相似文献
150.
Carolyn M. Jagacinski Shamala Kumar Jan L. Boe Holly Lam Steven A. Miller 《Motivation and emotion》2010,34(2):191-204
We investigated the relationship between changes in perceptions of competence and changes in achievement goals across a college
semester for students enrolled in an introductory psychology course. Two types of competence perceptions were examined: self-efficacy
for learning and normative perceived ability. Changes in normative perceived ability were predicted to relate to changes in
performance goals, but not mastery goals. Because mastery goals rely on self-referent standards to evaluate ability, we predicted
changes in self-efficacy for learning would relate to changes in mastery goals. We also expected changes in self-efficacy
for learning to relate to changes in performance goals because learning can lead to the demonstration of superior competence.
The predictions were supported for mastery and performance-approach goals, but not for performance-avoidance goals. Very little
change in performance-avoidance goals was observed. Scores on the first course exam also predicted change in performance-approach
goals, with this effect partially mediated by competence perceptions. 相似文献