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191.
192.
Peter Fischer Andreas Kastenmüller Dieter Frey Claudia Peus 《Journal of applied social psychology》2009,39(1):42-61
In the workplace, people can experience various types of failure and frustrations resulting in spontaneous social comparisons with other colleagues who are more (upward comparison) or less (downward comparison) successful. Upward comparisons especially have been shown to increase envy toward the outperforming benchmark colleague, which could negatively affect social interaction with this colleague. In line with this, our results consistently show that upward comparisons are associated with higher levels of experienced envy, as well as with a lower transmission rate of high-quality information. By contrast, type of social comparison had no impact on the amount of transmitted low-quality, work-relevant information. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
193.
Dorit Wenke Robert Gaschler Dieter Nattkemper Peter A. Frensch 《Psychological research》2009,73(4):587-601
Temporal and strategic factors that might influence the transformation of verbal task rules into functional stimulus–response
associations were investigated in three experiments. In a dual task paradigm of the ABBA type participants were presented
new S–R instructions for the A-task at the beginning of each trial. On varying proportions of trials No-go signals rendered
the instructed A-task mappings irrelevant before instruction implementation was assessed during performance of an unrelated
B-task. Our results indicate that participants refrain from implementing the mappings during instruction presentation when
No-go signals appear frequently and late (Exp. 2), and that they can interrupt implementing instructed S–R mappings when frequent
No-go signals appear early enough during implementation (Exp. 3). When No-go signals are rare and late, however (Exp. 1),
the instructed stimulus features always activate their associated responses during performance of the embedded B-task in an
automatic manner. Together, these findings suggest that participants strategically control whether or not they implement verbal
instructions. Once implemented, however, instructed S–R associations influence behaviour even when the instructed mappings
are no longer task relevant.
相似文献
Dorit WenkeEmail: |
194.
Rudi Kirkhaug PhD 《创造性行为杂志》2009,43(2):135-147
The relationship between loyalty to rules and the creativity that attempts to improve those same rules was examined among Norwegian army officers deployed in international operations. Today's army officers are faced with rapidly changing work conditions and unpredictable enemies, both of which challenge and outdate rules and routines. They thus may experience that they are either guided by too few or inadequate rules, or by many rules that need to be constantly updated. Assuming that following rules is advantageous to officers, then, contrary to classical theory, it was hypothesized that officers scoring both low and high on loyalty to rules would score high on creativity. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed a significant U‐shaped relationship between loyalty to rules and creativity. 相似文献
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198.
Connecting Eating Pathology with Risk for Engaging in Suicidal Behavior: The Mediating Role of Experiential Avoidance
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Kayla D. Skinner MA Sasha M. Rojas BA Jennifer C. Veilleux PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2017,47(1):3-13
Individuals with eating pathology, particularly those with diagnosed eating disorders, are at high risk for suicide. It is less clear whether undiagnosed eating pathology and subsyndromal eating disorders carry the same risk and, if so, what mechanisms may explain why higher levels of eating pathology yield greater risk for engaging in suicidal behaviors. The indirect relationship between disordered eating and risk for suicidal behaviors via facets of experiential avoidance was tested using a multiple‐mediator model. The model was tested using bootstrapping estimates of indirect effects in a sample of 218 noncollege student adults (Mage = 32.33, 66.1% women) with a history of suicidal attempt and/or history of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). Results revealed that disordered eating indirectly predicted risk for suicidal behaviors, distress aversion (i.e., negative attitudes or dislike of distress), and procrastination (i.e., delaying engagement with distressing activities). Results suggest that targeting experiential avoidance and helping those who have a history of engaging in suicidal behaviors and/or NSSI develop regulation strategies to use during times of distress may be of utmost importance for treatment and prevention of eating pathology. 相似文献
199.
A Longitudinal Study of Racial Discrimination and Risk for Death Ideation in African American Youth
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Rheeda Walker PhD David Francis PhD Gene Brody PhD Ronald Simons PhD Carolyn Cutrona PhD Frederick Gibbons PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2017,47(1):86-102
Although multiple studies have found that African Americans commonly experience racial discrimination, available studies have yet to examine how perceived racism might be related to suicide vulnerability in African American youth. The purpose of this study was to examine a framework for how perceived racial discrimination contributes to symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as subsequent suicide ideation and morbid ideation. Data were obtained from 722 African American youth at mean age 10.56 years (SD = 0.64); a second wave of data was obtained 2 years later. Results revealed both a direct effect and mediated effects of perceived racism on later suicide and morbid ideation. For boys and girls, the effect of perceived racism was mediated by symptoms of depression. However, the association was mediated by anxiety for girls, but not for boys in the current sample. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed. 相似文献
200.
Moving Beyond Self‐Report: Implicit Associations about Death/Life Prospectively Predict Suicidal Behavior among Veterans
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Sean M. Barnes PhD Nazanin H. Bahraini PhD Jeri E. Forster PhD Kelly A. Stearns‐Yoder BA Trisha A. Hostetter MPH Geoffrey Smith PsyD Herbert T. Nagamoto MD Matthew K. Nock PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2017,47(1):67-77
Reliance on self‐report limits clinicians' ability to accurately predict suicidal behavior. In this study the predictive validity of an objective measure, the death/suicide Implicit Association Test (d/sIAT), was tested among psychiatrically hospitalized veterans. Following acute stabilization, 176 participants completed the d/sIAT and traditional suicide risk assessments. Participants had similar d/sIAT scores regardless of whether they had recently attempted suicide. However, d/sIAT scores significantly predicted suicide attempts during the 6‐month follow‐up above and beyond other known risk factors for suicidal behavior (OR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.15–3.12; based on 1SD increase). The d/sIAT may augment the accuracy of suicide risk assessment. 相似文献