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141.
A multiple baseline design across students was used to evaluate the effects of a taped numbers (TN) intervention on the number‐identification accuracy of 4 kindergarten students. During TN, students attempted to name the numbers 0 through 9 on randomized lists before each number was provided via a tape player 2 s later. All 4 students showed immediate increases and reached 100% in number‐identification accuracy. One student reached 100% accuracy after TN was supplemented with performance feedback, reinforcement, and overcorrection. 相似文献
142.
Jan Alexander Häusser Maren Kattenstroth Rolf van Dick Andreas Mojzisch 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2012,48(4):973-977
The presence of others in threatening situations can be a mixed blessing since it is not always perceived as supportive but can also impair well-being. Building on the social identity approach, we tested the idea that the presence of others has a buffering effect on neuroendocrine stress reactions only if a sense of shared social identity is evoked. Therefore, the salience of social versus personal identity was manipulated. To induce social-evaluative stress, the Trier Social Stress Test for groups (TSST-G) was employed, while in the control conditions the Placebo-TSST-G was used. As predicted, social identity salience attenuated the stress-induced cortisol reaction in the TSST-G condition. By contrast, there was no effect of identity salience in the Placebo-TSST-G conditions. These findings provide the first experimental evidence for the idea that being part of a group buffers neuroendocrine stress only if group members develop a sense of shared social identity. 相似文献
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144.
Cecilia Jakobsson Bergstad Amelie Gamble Olle Hagman Merritt Polk Tommy G?rling Dick Ettema Margareta Friman Lars E. Olsson 《Applied research in quality of life》2012,7(1):49-62
A survey of a random sample of 1,330 Swedish residents assessed the relationships between affect associated with performance
of routine out-of-home activities, mood, and judgments of life satisfaction (cognitive subjective wellbeing, CSWB). Regression
analyses showed that sociodemographic variables accounted for most variance in CSWB (7%) and least in mood (2%). In agreement
with previous research, CSWB increased with income, employment, and cohabiting with a spouse, and had a U-formed relationship
with age. Affect associated with routine activities accounted for more variance than the socio-demographic variables in mood
(30%) and in CSWB (13%). Mood partially mediated the effect on CSWB of affect associated with the activities. The results
suggest that future policy-related research should consider the possibility that community-provided resources that facilitate
performance of routine out-of-home activities would increase life satisfaction. 相似文献
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146.
Pieternel Dijkstra Dick P.H. Barelds Hinke A.K. Groothof Marnix van Bruggen 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2014,55(5):477-482
Previous studies have shown empathy to be an important aspect of a high quality intimate relationship. Likewise, positive illusions about a partner's characteristics have been shown to contribute to relationship quality. The present study connects these issues by examining the degree to which individuals hold positive illusions about a partner's level of empathy, and the extent to which these positive illusions are related to relationship quality and adjustment in a sample of 55 couples. Results showed that positive illusions concerning a partner's level of empathy were only held by women. In addition, people's evaluation of relationship quality and adjustment was consistently related to both their own and their partner's positive empathy illusions. Finally, an interaction effect was found between participant sex and the partner effect of positive empathy illusions: the illusions held by the partner (only for men) were related to relationship quality. Results and implications for theory and relationship counseling are discussed. 相似文献
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148.
Eric W. Fuller Rusty B. McIntyre David E. Oberleitner 《Journal of applied social psychology》2013,43(11):2195-2202
Research on retrieval fluency suggests that, under different recall constraints, recalling past failures might be as effective as past successes for engineering task performance. In the current study, students recalling three instances of academic success correctly answered more items on a knowledge task than those recalling nine instances. Other students, asked to recall nine instances of failure, answered more items correctly than those recalling three failures and more than those recalling nine successes. This pattern was partially mediated by the assessments of one's ability as compared with other students. The results are interpreted as extending previous research in retrieval fluency by suggesting that the ease of retrieving task‐related instances informs individuals about their comparative ability that, in turn, influences performance. 相似文献
149.
Melissa Fuller Melanie Myers Thomas Webb Meredith Tabangin Cynthia Prows 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(1):84-96
Family health history is one of the best predictors of an individual’s risk for common disease, yet it is underutilized in
routine care. Although the Surgeon General has recommended consumers record their family health history and share it with
their health care provider, providers’ perceptions of patient-generated family histories are unknown. To learn more about
providers’ experience with and perceptions about patient-generated family histories, we mailed surveys to 301 providers and
had a response rate of 24% (n = 68). Seventy-three percent felt a patient-generated computer pedigree would improve their ability to assess risk as compared
to their current methods. Seventy percent felt a patient-generated computer pedigree would either have no effect on or would
increase the number of patients that could be seen in a day. Results suggest that providers appreciate the potential benefits
of patient-generated family histories. Genetic counselors and nurses are in a prime position to promote and facilitate the
use of patient-generated family health histories in routine care. 相似文献
150.