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791.
Combining propensity score matching and group-based trajectory analysis in an observational study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In a nonrandomized or observational study, propensity scores may be used to balance observed covariates and trajectory groups may be used to control baseline or pretreatment measures of outcome. The trajectory groups also aid in characterizing classes of subjects for whom no good matches are available and to define substantively interesting groups between which treatment effects may vary. These and related methods are illustrated using data from a Montreal-based study. The effects on subsequent violence of gang joining at age 14 are studied while controlling for measured characteristics of boys prior to age 14. The boys are divided into trajectory groups based on violence from ages 11 to 13. Within trajectory group, joiners are optimally matched to a variable number of controls using propensity scores, Mahalanobis distances, and a combinatorial optimization algorithm. Use of variable ratio matching results in greater efficiency than pair matching and also greater bias reduction than matching at a fixed ratio. The possible impact of failing to adjust for an important but unmeasured covariate is examined using sensitivity analysis. 相似文献
792.
The study used critical discourse analysis (CDA) to elucidate normative structures of ethical behavior in university research
administration which may be useful for knowledge transference to future studies of research integrity. Research administration
appears to support integrity in the research environment through four very strong normative domains: (1) respect for authority
structures; (2) respect for institutional boundaries; (3) professionalism; and (4) a strong sense of virtue. The strong norm
structure of research administration, however, appears to be threatened by the fifth domain, (5) political power, which is
inhabited by prestigious faculty with tenure, top-down authority misalignment, and the power for some institutional members
to circumvent the system. The strong normative structure also appears threatened by the overall consequentiality of the regulatory
environment, and shifting contexts that threaten personal virtue. In the end, the normative structure is fluid, politically
acquiescent to power, and ambiguous. Although the professional core of the norm structure is strong, the strengths and weaknesses
in the overall system can be connected to poorly constructed elements of the institutional environment. 相似文献
793.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether specific problem feeding behaviors exhibited by infants with post-traumatic feeding disorders (PTFD) predict treatment outcome. In this case series, 24 infants aged 7 weeks to 34 months received a three-component intervention for the treatment of their PTFD. The three components of the interventions included (1) physiological and environmental changes to regularize hunger-satiety cycles and promote good eating habits and routines; (2) nutritional monitoring; and (3) behavior therapy (flooding). Infants with PTFD who exhibited passive refusal to swallow food placed in their mouths and did not chew/suck/move food placed in their mouths for more than 5 sec were significantly less likely to respond to treatment, compared to infants with PTFD who did not exhibit these behaviors. Further, compared with infants with PTFD who responded to treatment, more infants with PTFD who did not respond had anatomical/mechanical problems of their upper airway such as tracheoesophageal fistula or lung disease such as bronchopulmonary dysplagia. The findings have direct implications for the assessment and treatment of PTFD in infancy. 相似文献
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Diane Benoit Charles H. Zeanah Kevin C. H. Parker Elaine Nicholson Jennifer Coolbear 《Infant mental health journal》1997,18(1):107-121
Parental perceptions and subjective experience of infants have long been considered important in clinical work with infants and families. Using three different samples of infants, we compare mothers' representations of their infants in clinically referred and nonreferred groups, using the Working Model of the Child Interview (WMCI). Twenty-four mothers of infants with failure to thrive (and 25 matched controls), 17 mothers of toddlers with sleep disorders (and 20 matched controls), and 13 mothers of infants seen in a general infant psychiatry clinic participated. Compared to their nonclinical counterparts, mothers of infants with clinical problems had representations of their infants that were significantly more likely to be classified distorted or disengaged. Infant gender, age, and birth order were independent of maternal classifications. We conclude that the WMCI is a useful structured interview to categorize mothers' perceptions and subjective experience of their infant and relationship with the infant. Mothers' WMCI classifications are associated with the clinical status of the infant. © 1997 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health 相似文献
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Diane Karay Tripp 《Liturgy》2013,28(2):35-36
Previously a member of the Consultation on Common Texts (the organization responsible for the production of the Revised Common Lectionary). Daniel's critical edition of the Dutch Reformed Liturgy of 1767 is Bless the Lord, O My Soul (Scarecrow Press). 相似文献
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