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131.
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Marco Diana Patricia L. Mokhtarian 《Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour》2009,12(2):107-119
Using data collected from French employees of a transportation institute and residents of the US San Francisco Bay Area, we operationalize a segmentation of mobility patterns based on objective, subjective, and desired amounts of mobility by various modes and overall. We especially focus on the degree of multimodality in an individual’s current modal mix and desired changes to that mix through the use of a “multimodality index”. The clusters that result showed some similarities and some differences across countries, where the latter are likely due to disparities in the sampling strategies and in the land use/transportation/cultural milieux. In both cases, however, the clusters have useful policy implications, enabling us, for example, to distinguish car users who might be inclined to reduce car use and increase transit use from those who are largely content with their current modal baskets. 相似文献
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Diana S. Woodruff-Pak 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2001,36(2):87-108
Eyeblink classical conditioning is a useful paradigm for the study of the neurobiology of learning, memory, and aging, which
also has application in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases expressed in advancing age. Converging evidence
from studies of eyeblink conditioning in neurological patients and brain imaging in normal adults document parallels in the
neural substrates of this form of associative learning in humans and non-human mammals. Age differences in the short-delay
procedure (400 ms CS-US interval) appear in middle age in humans and may be caused at least in part by cerebellar cortical
changes such as loss of Purkinje cells. Whereas the hippocampus is not essential for conditioning in the delay procedure,
disruption of hippocampal cholinergic neurotransmission impairs acquisition and slows the rate of learning. Alzheimer’s disease
(AD) profoundly disrupts the hippocampal cholinergic system, and patients with AD consistently perform poorly in eyeblink
conditioning. We hypothesize that disruption of hippocampal cholinergic pathways in AD in addition to age-associated Purkinje
cell loss results in severely impaired eyeblink conditioning. The earliest pathology in AD occurs in entorhinal cortical input
to hippocampus, and eyeblink conditioning may detect this early disruption before declarative learning and memory circuits
become impaired. A case study is presented in which eyeblink conditioning detected impending dementia six years before changes
on other screening tests indicated impairment. Because eyeblink conditioning is simple, non-threatening, and non-invasive,
it may become a useful addition to test batteries designed to differentiate normal aging from mild cognitive impairment that
progresses to AD and AD from other types of dementia. 相似文献
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基于刻板印象内容模型,作者将广告诉求分为诚意诉求和能力诉求,并研究了广告诉求和品牌来源国刻板印象对品牌态度的交互影响。通过两个实验,作者发现广告诉求和来源国刻板印象之间的匹配程度正向地影响消费者处理广告信息的流畅性,进而导致积极的情绪体验。消费者将这种积极情绪错误地归因到品牌上,从而产生积极的品牌态度。这一发现证实品牌来源国信息可以在消费者无意识的状态下通过情绪体验影响不同广告诉求的说服效果。 相似文献
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Diana T. Meyers 《希帕蒂亚:女权主义哲学杂志》1986,1(1):83-100
Recent liberal moral and political philosophy has placed great emphasis on the good of self-respect. But it is not always evident what is involved in self-respect, nor is it evident how societies can promote it. Assuming that self-respect is highly desirable, I begin by considering how people can live in a self-respecting fashion, and I argue that autonomous envisaging and fulfillment of one's own life plans is necessary for self-respect. I next turn to the question of how societal implementation of rights may affect self-respect, and I urge that discretionary rights, which allow people to decline the benefits they confer, support self-respect more effectively than mandatory rights, which forbid people to refuse the benefits they confer. I conclude by examining the import of these contentions for feminist theory. I believe that my arguments are of particular concern to women because women have traditionally been victimized by a mandatory right to play a distinctively “feminine” role which has undermined their self-respect. 相似文献
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Connections between reading disability and behavior problems: Testing temporal and causal hypotheses
In this study of children's reading and behavior problem status from Grade 2 to Grade 4 of elementary school, we tested hypotheses concerned with the temporal and causal connections between these two closely associated disorders. Children with both, either, or neither kinds of problems were followed up over 2 years. While reading disability remained stable over time, there was greater variability in behavior problem status. Our data did not support the claim that reading problems lead to the development of behavior problems. Children who were comorbid had the worst outcome at follow-up, suggesting that behavior problems may exacerbate reading delay. Reading-disabled children were lower (albeit in the normal range) on intelligence, but when IQ was controlled, large group differences on reading and spelling were still evident. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) type behavior problems significantly differentiated children with comorbid problems from children with behavior problems alone. Sex differences were noted in the association, with two-thirds of reading-disabled boys also having behavior problems and two-thirds of reading-disabled girls having no behavior problems, suggesting that pathways to reading disability may be gender specific.This research was supported by a grant from the Australian Research Council. Our thanks to the children, families and teachers for their support of our project. 相似文献