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161.
Dr. med. Diana Pflichthofer 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2007,23(4):343-363
The withdrawal of acceptance lies at the centre of the traumatic experience and the disastrous consequences are overwhelming feelings of anxiety and shame relating to the individual’s own existence. Intense feelings in traumatised individuals are accompanied by fundamental shame as they fear once again being inundated by their own emotions and thus yet again becoming helpless and defenceless. Further, the emergence of emotions inevitably demonstrates their roots in the individual personality and it is precisely the withdrawal of recognition as a separate, autonomous being which these individuals have experienced. “When I experience myself as an individual with feelings, then I am but I am not allowed to be” seems to be what these people are unconsciously thinking. Recognition, in the true sense of the word, can only be achieved by the performative act of recognition both of the subjectivity and of the trauma. Such acts of recognition can be performed in the psychoanalytical process when the analyst shows herself as being involuntarily vulnerable and at the same time as a survivor of that vulnerability. This means, however, that the dialectic tension must not only be endured but under certain circumstances also admitted; the tension between the wish to keep all emotions within oneself and the simultaneous unavoidable failure to do so. Only an analyst who is actively alive can, in the last resort, help the traumatised to establish contact with the world of living objects and to feel themselves as being alive. 相似文献
162.
Peter Vitaliano Diana Echeverria Mary Shelkey Jianping Zhang James Scanlan 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(3):177-190
The current study evaluated whether psychological distress (composite of depression, anxiety, vital exhaustion), inflammation
(C-reactive protein, CRP) and cognitive function (Digit Symbol Test, DST) and their changes mediated the relationship between
caregiver status and functional decline. Caregivers for spouses with Alzheimer’s disease were compared to demographically-similar
non-caregiver spouses at study entry (T1), T2 (1 year later), and T3 (2 years after T1). Caregivers had greater functional
impairment, higher distress scores, and poorer DST scores at all points of measurement and also showed functional decline.
Non-caregivers did not demonstrate functional decline. Caregivers declined 85% faster than did non-caregivers. Regressions
showed that after controlling for functional impairment at T1, illness, medication, and health behavior covariates, psychological
distress at T1 and increases in CRP from T1 to T3 mediated the difference in functional decline. Moreover, after DST decline
from T1 to T2 was entered in the model, caregiver status, psychological distress and increases in inflammation all showed
reductions in their predictive importance. These findings suggest psychological distress and increases in inflammation may
help explain why caregivers show greater functional decline than non-caregivers. However, the influences of these psychophysiological
variables may be driven in part by cognitive decline prior to functional decline.
This article is based upon an invited address, “Potential Hazards of Caring for a Loved One with Alzheimer’s Disease” given
by the first author in recognition of the author’s receipt of the Association of Psychologists in Academic Health Centers
2005 Award for Distinguished Achievement in Research. The address was presented at the Annual meeting of the American Psychological
Association, New Orleans, LA., August, 2006. 相似文献
163.
Boccaccini MT Epstein M Poythress N Douglas KS Campbell J Gardner G Falkenbach D 《Assessment》2007,14(4):361-374
The authors examined the relation between self-report psychopathy measures and official records of offending in four samples of justice-involved youth (total N = 447). Psychopathy measures included the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) and a modified version of the Childhood Psychopathy Scale (mCPS). Measures of offending included the total number of preadmission arrest charges for three samples (n = 392) and the total number of offenses in the year following release for two samples (n = 138). Neither measure was a strong correlate of preadmission offenses. Although mCPS scores were associated with postrelease offending in one sample, effects for the APSD were observed only when reoffending was conceptualized as a dichotomous variable, indicating a lack of robustness in this association. The findings suggest caution in the use of self-report measures of psychopathic features for decision making with respect to issues of delinquency risk among justice-involved youth. 相似文献
164.
165.
Dr. Fritz Lackinger 《Psychotherapeut》2009,54(4):262-269
Following the long psychoanalytic tradition in the treatment of paedophiles, in a first step this article tries to define structural components of sexual delinquency that on the one hand correlate with the psychoanalytic model of psychic structures and on the other hand are consistent with the clinical experience of forensic psychotherapeutic practice. In a second step different levels of severity in the structural psychopathology of sexual delinquents are described by taking advantage of the object relationship theoretical conception of personality organisation. Finally, in a third step the psychodynamic features of these patients are highlighted, which have frequently been found and described in the clinical psychoanalytic literature on paedophilia including traumatising mother relationship, narcissistic object choice, inadequate triangulation, self-permuting drive, simulation and disturbance of identification. 相似文献
166.
Joshua D. Miller W. Keith Campbell Diana L. Young Chad E. Lakey Dennis E. Reidy Amos Zeichner Adam S. Goodie 《Journal of personality》2009,77(3):761-794
ABSTRACT A recent meta-analysis ( S. Vazire & D. C. Funder, 2006 ) suggested that narcissism and impulsivity are related and that impulsivity partially accounts for the relation between narcissism and self-defeating behaviors (SDB). This research examines these hypotheses in two studies and tests a competing hypothesis that Extraversion and Agreeableness account for this relation. In Study 1 , we examined the relations among narcissism, impulsivity, and aggression. Both narcissism and impulsivity predicted aggression, but impulsivity did not mediate the narcissism–aggression relation. In Study 2 , narcissism was related to a measure of SDB and manifested divergent relations with a range of impulsivity traits from three measures. None of the impulsivity models accounted for the narcissism–SDB relation, although there were unique mediating paths for traits related to sensation and fun seeking. The domains of Extraversion and low Agreeableness successfully mediated the entire narcissism–SDB relation. We address the discrepancy between the current and meta-analytic findings. 相似文献
167.
Current models of affect and health posit that affective disturbance influences health through behavioral pathways. The current research explores this hypothesis in the domain of sexual risk behavior by testing explicit and implicit hopelessness as predictors of condom use. Male and female undergraduates (n = 60) completed implicit and explicit measures of depression, hopelessness, and self‐reported condom use frequency. Findings revealed that implicit hopelessness predicted less condom use. However, this relationship was moderated by gender such that implicit hopelessness predicted less condom use for men, but not for women. The applicability of the findings to broader health theories is discussed. 相似文献
168.
Regina Krieglmeyer Doris Wittstadt Fritz Strack 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(2):379-385
The present study investigated how aggressive reactions to frustration are influenced by attributional processes. In particular, we examined how the information that another person did not intend a frustration affects anger and aggression. Previous research was inconclusive if attribution to unintentionality decreases anger and aggressive impulses or if it increases the control of aggressive impulses resulting in a selective decrease of aggressive reactions that are controllable. To test these assumptions, two thirds of participants were frustrated by negative evaluations that were paired with aversive sounds from an ostensible team partner. The remaining participants received positive evaluations that were paired with pleasant sounds. Then, half of the frustrated participants obtained a message suggesting that their partner had confused the response scale and had actually meant to deliver an opposite evaluation. This apologizing information was effective in decreasing subsequent aggressive behavior but not in reducing anger as assessed by an implicit measure. This finding is in line with the notion that attribution to unintentionality leads to control of aggressive impulses. We conclude that such attributions influence aggressive behavior mainly via reflective pathways, while impulsive processes remain largely unaffected. 相似文献
169.
Perception of emotion is critical for successful social interaction, yet the neural mechanisms underlying the perception of dynamic, audio-visual emotional cues are poorly understood. Evidence from language and sensory paradigms suggests that the superior temporal sulcus and gyrus (STS/STG) play a key role in the integration of auditory and visual cues. Emotion perception research has focused on static facial cues; however, dynamic audio-visual (AV) cues mimic real-world social cues more accurately than static and/or unimodal stimuli. Novel dynamic AV stimuli were presented using a block design in two fMRI studies, comparing bimodal stimuli to unimodal conditions, and emotional to neutral stimuli. Results suggest that the bilateral superior temporal region plays distinct roles in the perception of emotion and in the integration of auditory and visual cues. Given the greater ecological validity of the stimuli developed for this study, this paradigm may be helpful in elucidating the deficits in emotion perception experienced by clinical populations. 相似文献
170.
Visual scanpath recording was used to investigate the information processing strategies used by a prosopagnosic patient, SC, when viewing faces. Compared to controls, SC showed an aberrant pattern of scanning, directing attention away from the internal configuration of facial features (eyes, nose) towards peripheral regions (hair, forehead) of the face. The results suggest that SC's face recognition deficit can be linked to an inability to assemble an accurate and unified face percept due to an abnormal allocation of attention away from the internal face region. Extraction of stimulus attributes necessary for face identity recognition is compromised by an aberrant face scanning pattern. 相似文献