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171.
"Automatic" speech, especially counting, is frequently preserved in aphasia, even when word production is severely impaired. Although brain sites and processes for automatic speech are not well understood, counting is frequently used to elicit fluent speech during preoperative and intraoperative cortical mapping for language. Obtaining both behavioral and functional brain imaging measures, this study compared counting with a word production task (generation of animal names), including non-verbal vocalizations and quiet rest as control states, in normal and aphasic subjects. Behavioral data indicated that normal and aphasic groups did not differ in counting or non-verbal vocalizations, but did differ significantly in word production ("naming" animals). Functional brain imaging results on normal subjects using partial least squares analysis of PET rCBF images revealed three significant latent variables (LVs): one for naming and vocalizing, identifying bilateral anterior areas, with left predominating over right; a second LV for naming, identifying left and right frontal and temporal areas. For the third, only marginally significant LV, which was associated with automatic speech alone (counting), right and subcortical sites predominated. For patients, two LVs emerged, identified with naming and vocalization, and corresponding to a variety of cerebral sites; the analysis failed to find a specific latent variable for counting. A comparison between group data for normal subjects and patients suggested that the naming, counting, and vocalization tasks were performed differently by the two groups. These results suggest that word generation as a verbal task is more likely to elicit activity in classical language areas than counting. Further studies are suggested to better understand differences between neurological substrates for non-propositional and automatic speech. 相似文献
172.
Anna Maria Nicolò Diana Norsa Teresa Carratelli 《Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies》2003,5(3):283-296
Dreams in couple therapy are expressions of the multiple discontinuous selves of partners and of interpersonal defenses. Two dreams offered during analytic couple therapy illustrate the use of transference and countertransference to observe disturbances in self-cohesion, communication of self-states, and attempts to affectively influence the partner. Dreams transferentially communicate the state of the realtionship, activate a third formation expressing shared pathology, and facilitate the growth of new aspects of the self seeking a more loving bond. 相似文献
173.
Robert Reid George J. DuPaul Thomas J. Power Arthur D. Anastopoulos Diana Rogers-Adkinson Mary-Beth Noll Cynthia Riccio 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1998,26(3):187-198
Behavior rating scales are commonly used in the assessment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there is little information available concerning the extent to which scales are valid with culturally different students. This study explored the use of the ADHD-IV Rating Scale School Version with male Caucasian (CA) and African American (AA) students from ages 5 to 18 years. Teachers rated AA students higher on all symptoms across all age groups. LISREL analysis indicated that scale does not perform identically across groups. This was supported by the results of multidimensional scaling with suggested that there is a different relation between items across groups. Implications for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
174.
This study examines the results of forensic evaluations of 399 children between the ages of 8 and 15 who were seen at an urban evaluation center regarding allegations of sexual abuse. Data collected included demographic, family environment, and abuse variables, outcome of a multidisciplinary forensic evaluation, and psychological distress as measured by the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC Briere, in press). Children were grouped according to the outcome of the evaluation: nonabused, abused-disclosing, and abused-nondisclosing (composed of children for whom there was external evidence of abuse but who denied being abused). A number of variables predicted group membership, including subject race, sex, cognitive delays, mother's belief or disbelief in the allegation, and psychological distress. Sexually abused children who disclosed abuse reported particularly high levels of distress, abused but nondisclosing children reported the lowest levels, and nonabused children reported intermediate symptom levels. The data are discussed in terms of the role of denial, maternal support, and symptomatology in forensic evaluations. 相似文献
175.
Acculturative Stress Among Hispanics: A Bidimensional Model of Ethnic Identification 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This study was an attempt to examine the effects of two components of social identification (i. e., ethnic and mainstream) on stress related to both cultural disparity and perceived discrimination. Results based on a sample of 164 Hispanics indicated the independence of these two dimensions of social identification. As hypothesized, lack of mainstream acceptance was associated with acculturative stress. Furthermore, among individuals with a high level of ethnic identification, poor identification with the mainstream resulted in more stress than high mainstream identification. These findings suggested that the bipolar model, in which ethnic and mainstream affiliation are considered opposites of each other, should be revised. 相似文献
176.
The application of cognitive techniques to the career counseling process has been minimal. Since the career and personal development of individuals is interwoven, practitioners from a variety of disciplines are faced with a wide range of complex presenting problems regardless of their specialty. Providing occupational information and assessing job skills are partial components of the career counseling process. This paper addresses the cognitive barriers which interfere with successful career development. Cognitive career counseling (CCC) is described as a methodology for helping clients modify their vocational irrational beliefs (VIBes) so that they may achieve their career and personal goals during realistically unstable changes in economic conditions.Diana R. Richman, Ph.D., Senior Supervisor, Staff Psychologist, and Graduate Fellow, Institute for Rational-Emotive Therapy, New York City, maintains a private practice in Queens and Manhattan. She is Director of Clinical Supervision at APPLE Continuing Treatment Program, and serves as an organizational consultant. 相似文献
177.
Daniel David Simona Ștefan Diana Nechita Anca Dobrean 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》2023,59(1):45-51
The evolution of Romanian psychology followed several stages, similarly to other countries in Eastern Europe, yet with its own particularities. The first psychology institutes were introduced by former students of Wilhelm Wundt, and the field saw a rapid development, with distinguished scholars making relevant scientific contributions. However, after the communist regime was enforced, psychology stagnated somewhat due to ideological, financial, and political reasons, and, in 1977, it was even removed from academia. After 1989, psychology revived in academia and research, and as a profession as well. This article summarizes the evolution of Romanian psychology through these stages, focusing on its postcommunist revival. 相似文献
178.
Diana Owen 《Political psychology》2000,21(1):161-177
The Clinton/Lewinsky scandal unfolded in an era of "new media" politics that presented fresh and often unanticipated challenges for presidential leadership. New media actors, such as call-in talk radio and TV hosts, tabloid journalists, and Internet gossip columnists, played a significant role in scandal politics. They influenced the framework within which stories were reported and perceived by the public. New media channels, in particular, framed the events leading up to the presidential impeachment in terms of dramatic, prime time–style entertainment. This entertainment news frame allowed citizens to compartmentalize their perceptions of President Clinton as a leader versus a private individual involved in a sex scandal. Media Politics can explain, at least in part, President Clinton's strong job performance evaluations in the midst of one of the most publicized political scandals of the century. 相似文献
179.
Kornbrot DE 《Perception & psychophysics》2006,68(3):393-414
New and old methods of analyzing two-choice experiments with confidence ratings are evaluated. These include the theory of signal detectability (TSD), Luce's choice theory,nonparametric techniques based on areas under receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) functions, andmethods based on S' and omega, proposed by Balakrishnan and his colleagues. New methods for assessing the bias of a complete ROC function are proposed, together with an additional area-based measure of response bias. Area measures of both sensitivity and bias proved the most consistent. Response bias for a full ROC function was larger than bias at the cut point and also provided additional information. Participants showed voluntary control of bias for all measures except omega. Unequal variance versions of TSD and choice models gave similar fits to data, with the choice model closer to an equal variance version. Discrimination data from Balakrishnan (1999) formed the empirical test bed. 相似文献
180.
Van Lancker Sidtis D 《Brain and language》2006,98(3):276-290
Neurolinguistic research has been engaged in evaluating models of language using measures from brain structure and function, and/or in investigating brain structure and function with respect to language representation using proposed models of language. While the aphasiological strategy, which classifies aphasias based on performance modality and a few linguistic variables, has been the most stable, cognitive neurolinguistics has had less success in reliably associating more elaborately proposed levels and units of language models with brain structure. Functional imaging emerged at this stage of neurolinguistic research. In this review article, it is proposed that the often-inconsistent superfluity of outcomes arising from functional imaging studies of language awaits adjustment at both "ends" of the process: model and data. Assumptions that our current language models consistently and reliably represent implicit knowledge within human cerebral processing are in line for major revision; and the promise of functional brain imaging to reveal any such knowledge structures must incorporate stable correlates of the imaging signal as dependent variable. 相似文献