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101.
This series of studies investigated the effects of psychological stress and the neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) on hippocampal primed burst (PB) and long-term (LTP) potentiation, two electrophysiological models of memory. The DHEAS and stress manipulations were performed on awake rats, and then PB and LTP were recorded while the rats were anesthetized. DHEAS enhanced PB potentiation when administered to rats under non-stress conditions, but had no effect when given to stressed rats. Further study showed that DHEAS enhanced PB potentiation only when it was administered before, but not after, the rats were stressed. The DHEAS and stress manipulations had no effect on LTP. This study provides three major findings regarding stress, neurosteroids and hippocampal plasticity. First, DHEAS enhanced a threshold form of plasticity (PB potentiation), but had no effect on a supra-threshold form of plasticity (LTP). Second, stress blocked the DHEAS-induced enhancement of PB potentiation. Third, stress and DHEAS effects on the hippocampus were so durable they could be performed on awake animals and then be studied while the animals were anesthetized. That DHEAS enhanced a subset of forms of hippocampal plasticity under restricted behavioral conditions may help to resolve conflicting observations of DHEAS effects on cognition and mood in people. 相似文献
102.
C. Keith Conners Karen C. Wells James D. A. Parker Gill Sitarenios John M. Diamond Judy W. Powell 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1997,25(6):487-497
This paper describes four studies on self-reported problems in 2,243 adolescent males and females, 12 to 17 years of age. In Study 1, principal-axis factoring of 102 items covering 11 problem domains revealed six factors comprising 49.5% of the variance. Study 2 used confirmatory factor analysis of a 64-item reduced set on a new sample of 408 adolescents. Goodness-of-fit indicators suggested that the six-factor model had excellent fit to the data. Study 3 used data from the 2,157 adolescents used in the first two studies. Coefficient alphas ranged from .83 to .92. Median test-retest reliability for the six factors was .86. There was a consistent structure of the correlation matrix across age and gender. Study 4 was a study of criterion validity, using an additional sample of 86 children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sensitivity and specificity were high, with an overall diagnostic efficiency of 83%. This new self-report scale, the Conners/Wells Adolescent Self-Report of Symptoms (CASS), may provide a useful component of a multimodal assessment of adolescent psychopathology. 相似文献
103.
The present study compared the personality characteristics assessed in life stories of 40 highly generative adults to those
in the life stories of a contrasting sample of 30 less generative adults. Life-story interviews of all 70 subjects were rated
with the California Adult Q-Sort (CAQ; Block, 1961). The results were compared to the “expert” generativity CAQ profile compiled
by Peterson and Klohnen (1995). The results indicated that highly generative adults were more likely to construct life stories
indicative of such positive generativity characteristics as “behaves in a giving way toward others” and “is turned to for
advice and reassurance” compared to adults low in generativity. Furthermore, the highly generative adults related life-story
accounts in which negative generativity qualities such as “has hostility toward others” and “is self-indulgent” were more
uncharacteristic than those expressed in the low-generativity adults' stories. The study adds to a growing empirical literature
on the meaning and manifestations of generativity in adult lives and suggests that the CAQ is a useful tool for uncovering
personality characteristics expressed in the life-story accounts generated by adults. 相似文献
104.
105.
Diamond JJ 《Theological studies》1975,36(2):305-324
106.
107.
Simultaneous brightness contrast is investigated in the fovea as a function of (1) amount of surround of the inducing field (Experiment 1) and (2) separation between the test and inducing fields (Experiment 2). Circular test and match fields subtending 14 min (radius) are used throughout. The inducing field, held constant in area, is a circular annulus (615 sq min) varying from a quadrant on one side of the test circle to an annulus completely surrounding the test circle. Test-field apparent brightness is not significantly affected by amount of inducing-field surround when the separation between centers of the test and inducing fields is held constant (Experiment 1). Experiment 2, though, shows that apparent brightness increases significantly as the separation between the centers of the test and inducing fields is increased. 相似文献
108.
109.
Pediatric ethics and the surgical assignment of sex 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
110.
Encoding and subsequent recognition of unfamiliar voices was examined in children, aged 6 to 16, and in adults. Performance changed markedly with age, improving sharply between ages 6 and 10, with 10-year-olds approaching adult levels. After age 10 accuracy declined significantly but returned to the adult level by age 14. The course of development closely matches that recently documented for the ability to encode and recognize unfamiliar faces. Several parallels between voice recognition and face recognition are discussed. 相似文献