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441.
Christian N. L. Olivers Thomas M. Spalek Jun-Ichiro Kawahara Vincent Di Lollo 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(1):214-218
The authors have argued elsewhere that the attentional blink (AB; i.e., reduced target detection shortly after presentation
of an earlier target) arises from blocked or disrupted perceptual input in response to distractors presented between the targets.
When targets replace the intervening distractors, so that three targets (T1, T2, and T3) are presented sequentially, performance
on T2 and T3 improves. Dux, Asplund, and Marois (2008) argued that T3 performance improves at the expense of T1, and thus
provides evidence for resource depletion. They showed that when T1 is made more salient (and presumably draws more resources),
an AB for T3 appears to reemerge. These findings can be better explained, however, by (1) the relationship between T1 and
T2 (not T1 and T3) and (2) differential salience for T3 in the long-lag condition of Dux et al.’s study. In conclusion, the
Dux et al. study does not present a severe challenge to input control theories of the AB. 相似文献
442.
为了解流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)患儿血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、S-100蛋白(S-100)、髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)含量变化及其临床意义,用酶联免疫吸附法检测100例乙脑患儿血清NSE、S-100、MBP含量变化。结果显示,乙脑组患儿血清NSE、S-100、MBP含量与对照组比较显著增高(P均〈0.01),增高程度与病情严重程度相平行(P〈0.01)。因此,血清NSE、S-100、MBP含量测定对乙脑患儿脑损伤严重程度及临床预后判断有重要参考价值。 相似文献
443.
The aim of the present study was to take an in-depth look at the role of fluid intelligence, personality traits and emotional intelligence (both ability-based and self-reported) in predicting scholastic success, verifying the existence of incremental validity of emotional intelligence with respect to fluid intelligence and personality variables. One hundred twenty-four students attending the last two years of high school were administered: the Advanced Progressive Matrices, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Short Form, the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: Short. The results demonstrate the influence exercised by fluid intelligence, personality and emotional intelligence on scholastic success, underlining, in particular, the role of emotional intelligence defined according to the ability-based model. 相似文献
444.
M. Di Ciaccio C. Puppo D. Rojas Castro C. Tremblay L. Cotte G. Pialoux B. Spire J.M. Molina M. Préau 《Pratiques Psychologiques》2019,25(4):367-381
The recent implementation of innovative biomedical preventive approaches to combat the continued high prevalence of HIV among certain populations, has refocused attention on the question of support in the management of treatment adherence. What distinguishes these approaches from classic research on similar themes is that the populations concerned are not HIV positive. The objective of this study was to assess participant and physician satisfaction with medical and community support provided in the ANRS-IPERGAY trial. As part of this trial, individual interviews were conducted with physicians and with HIV-negative participants involved in the trial. Collective interviews and focus groups were also conducted with the participants. A content thematic analysis was performed on the full two corpuses’ data, with the aim of investigating discourse themes regarding the support offered as part of the trial. The discourse analysis of the HIV-negative participants and physicians underlined their satisfaction with many aspects of the medical and community support provided during the trial. The results were interpreted with respect to new forms of patient education necessary for the implementation of the medicalized prevention. 相似文献
445.
Elisa Di Giorgio Marco Lunghi Rosa Rugani Lucia Regolin Beatrice Dalla Barba Giorgio Vallortigara Francesca Simion 《Developmental science》2019,22(6)
Humans represent numbers on a mental number line with smaller numbers on the left and larger numbers on the right side. A left‐to‐right oriented spatial–numerical association, (SNA), has been demonstrated in animals and infants. However, the possibility that SNA is learnt by early exposure to caregivers’ directional biases is still open. We conducted two experiments: in Experiment 1, we tested whether SNA is present at birth and in Experiment 2, we studied whether it depends on the relative rather than the absolute magnitude of numerousness. Fifty‐five‐hour‐old newborns, once habituated to a number (12), spontaneously associated a smaller number (4) with the left and a larger number (36) with the right side (Experiment 1). SNA in neonates is not absolute but relative. The same number (12) was associated with the left side rather than the right side whenever the previously experienced number was larger (36) rather than smaller (4) (Experiment 2). Control on continuous physical variables showed that the effect is specific of discrete magnitudes. These results constitute strong evidence that in our species SNA originates from pre‐linguistic and biological precursors in the brain. 相似文献
446.
447.
越轨创新行为是破除创新瓶颈, 摆脱“创新者的窘境”的有效手段, 是新时代创新的重要途径。目的的合理性和行为的偏离性, 使越轨创新行为同时具有了“忠诚”和“叛逆”的色彩。以越轨创新究竟是“忠诚”还是“叛逆”这一问题作为切入点, 分别从越轨创新行为的测量、形成机制和影响效能角度构建了一个围绕越轨创新行为的系统性研究。子研究1:基于创新过程视角, 探讨中国组织情境下越轨创新行为的结构维度, 开发本土化量表。子研究2:分别从个体、领导和组织三个层次、动态探讨越轨创新行为的形成机制。子研究3:基于事件系统理论, 从越轨创新成功/失败两方面, 构建和验证越轨创新行为对组织效能的影响机制。三个子研究相互联系并逐步递进。理论贡献在于深化学术界对越轨创新行为的理解, 推动越轨创新理论的构建, 并且拓展越轨理论、创新理论、积极组织行为学理论及事件系统理论的应用。 相似文献
448.
Marzia Di Girolamo Christina L. Winters Colinda M. B. Serie Corine de Ruiter 《Journal of personality assessment》2019,101(2):159-170
The most recent conceptualizations of empathy recognize affective empathy as distinct from cognitive empathy. Consequently, instruments that assess these 2 types of empathy have been developed. Among them, the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) is a particularly promising, relatively new, self-report measure consisting of 31 items. To examine the cross-cultural adaptability of the QCAE, we investigated the psychometric properties of an Italian version in 2 samples and with 2 different formats of administration. Study 1 (n = 407) used archival data collected via paper and pencil; Study 2 (n = 285) used newly collected data, obtained with an online format. In these studies, in addition to the QCAE, 6 other instruments measuring empathy-related constructs (i.e., interpersonal competence, well-being, personality traits, emotion regulation, alexithymia, and emotion recognition) were administered, too. Data analysis focused on factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity. The findings of both studies provide support for the cross-cultural applicability of the QCAE, and reveal interesting associations between empathy and the other constructs under examination. 相似文献
449.
450.
Di Blas L 《Journal of personality》2007,75(4):863-897
This article presents evidence for the validity of the circumplex model to represent how parents and teachers organize interpersonal attributes in children. Study 1 showed that the ratings of adults using interpersonal adjectives to describe 4- to 10-year-old children conformed to a circumplex structure. Eight scales-labeled Interpersonal Adjective Scales for Children (IAS-C)-were developed to represent the circular sequence of children's interpersonal attributes, as ordered around the reference axes of Extraversion and Social Appropriateness. The continuum of interpersonal variables substantially corresponded to Schaefer's model for social and emotional behavior, as follows: Warm-Agreeable, Sociable-Cheerful, Exuberant-Dominant, Impulsive-Aggressive, Egocentric-Irritable, Fearful-Insecure, Shy-Silent, and Mild-Placid. Study 2 demonstrated cross-validity for the IAS-C and how they are related to Big Five measures. Study 3 used data from Studies 1 and 2 in a confirmatory approach to test the circumplex IAS-C structure. Findings are discussed in relation to the adult circumplex model and suggest that the child circumplex has distinctive features that must be kept in due consideration when attempting to assess interpersonal qualities in children validly. 相似文献