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81.
Shahab Ghorashi Thomas M. Spalek James T. Enns Vincent Di Lollo 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2009,71(6):1233-1240
Visual search for a target involves two processes: spatial selection and identity extraction. Ghorashi, Enns, and Di Lollo (2008) found these processes to be independent and surmised that they were carried out along distinct visual pathways: dorsal and ventral, respectively. The two experiments that are described in the present article evaluated this hypothesis. Attentional-blink methodology was combined with voluntary spatial cuing in a visual search task: Intertarget lag was used to manipulate identity extraction; predictive cues were used to signal target locations. Central digit cues in Experiment 1 required participants to identify digits before voluntarily directing attention to a corresponding location, whereas flashed dots in Experiment 2 (indicating an opposite location) required attentional redeployment without prior cue identification. Consistent with the dual-pathway hypothesis, cuing was impaired only when the first target and the number cue competed for ventral-pathway mechanisms. Collectively, the results support the dual-pathway account of the separability of spatial selection and identity extraction. 相似文献
82.
Di Garbo A 《Cognitive processing》2009,10(Z1):85-94
Inhibitory interneurons are coupled by electrical and inhibitory synapses and exert a powerful control of the discharges of
principal cells. In this paper, the transmission properties of excitatory synaptic inputs by a network of interneurons, are
studied by using a computational approach. It is shown that both the rise and decay time constants, describing the time course
of the excitatory synaptic inputs, have a strong effect on the output jitter of the fired spikes. Similar results were found
by changing the values of the other parameters describing the network. Lastly, it is shown that the presence of the electrical
coupling between interneurons confers to the network the capability of transmitting, with less temporal spread, the timing
information contained in its inputs. 相似文献
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Ghorashi SM Smilek D Di Lollo V 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2007,33(1):124-136
J. S. Joseph, M. M. Chun, and K. Nakayama (1997) found that pop-out visual search was impaired as a function of intertarget lag in an attentional blink (AB) paradigm in which the 1st target was a letter and the 2nd target was a search display. In 4 experiments, the present authors tested the implication that search efficiency should be similarly impaired (steeper search slopes at shorter lags). A conventional AB deficit was found, but, contrary to expectations, search slopes were invariant with lag. These results suggest that no search can be carried out during the period of the AB. Instead, the search is postponed until after the 1st target has been processed. The authors conclude that efficient visual search cannot be carried out unless the visual system is configured appropriately for the search task. If the initial configuration is inappropriate, processing of the 2nd target is held in abeyance until the system has been suitably reconfigured. 相似文献
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J A Di Pietro 《Perceptual and motor skills》1986,63(1):207-214
The effect of physical stimulation on motor inhibition and cognitive performance of 70 third-grade children was examined. 46 subjects participated in a brief, but strenuous obstacle course. Their performance on two motor inhibition tasks, a short-term memory/attentional task, and a test assessing reflectivity was assessed before the stimulation, immediately afterward, and again after a 30-min. delay. A control group (n = 24) received comparable experience without the physical intervention. Physical stimulation facilitated fine motor inhibition at both the immediate and delayed retest. The intervention interfered with an apparent practice effect on the attentional task. No condition effects were noted for gross motor performance or reflectivity, although girls were significantly more reflective at retest. It is proposed that physical stimulation augments certain aspects of inhibitory control in children. 相似文献
90.
Previous research has indicated that reports of panic attacks are associated with a different set of symptoms to reports of generalized anxiety. The present two studies attempted to extend these findings to specific (situational) fears. In Study 1, 55 subjects with panic disorder were compared on their symptom profile during their panic attacks to 65 subjects with other anxiety disorders [simple phobia, social phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)] during response to their feared cue. The results indicated that, compared to subjects with other anxiety disorders, subjects with panic disorder were more likely to report parasthesias, dizziness, faintness, unreality, dyspnea, fear of dying and fear of going crazy/losing control. In Study 2, 90 subjects meeting diagnostic criteria for both panic disorder and another anxiety disorder (simple phobia, social phobia or OCD) were compared on the symptoms experienced during their unexpected panic attacks and their situationally-triggered fears respectively. Combining the symptoms found in Study 1 to differ between the groups into a linear combination, there was a significant interaction found between the type of fear reaction (panic attack vs cued fear response) and symptom group. Taken together, these findings suggest that reports of unexpected panic attacks associated with panic disorder are characterized by a different symptom profile to reports of specific fear reactions that are part of a phobic disorder or OCD. 相似文献