Suicide Attempts in Major Depressed Patients with Personality Disorder

Suicide attempters who met criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD) comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD) were compared to both suicide attempters suffering from MDD alone and to attempters with comorbid MDD and other personality disorders (PD). Participants were 239 (158 patients with comorbid PD and 81 patients with MDD without comorbidity) inpatients consecutively admitted after a suicide attempt made in the last 24 hours. Suicide attempters with comorbid MDD and BPD had more frequent previous suicide attempts and were more likely to have a history of aggressive behaviors and alcohol and drug use disorders compared with patients suffering from MDD without Axis II comorbidity.     

Sociodemographic and Clinical Differences Between Suicide Ideators and Attempters: A Study of Mood Disordered Patients 50 Years and Older

Our study sought to characterize mood disordered suicide ideators and attempters 50 years and older admitted to a psychiatric ward either for a recent suicide attempt or for ongoing suicidal ideation. We enrolled 50 patients with suicide ideation consecutively admitted to an inpatient department and 50 patients admitted for a suicide attempt made in the last 48 hours. Suicide attempters more frequently had low social support and an age of onset of mood disorder of 46 years and older, and less frequently had a history of suicidal behaviors in the family members and pharmacological treatment, despite the fact that the groups did not differ with regard to antidepressants prescribed. The groups were not distinguishable based on several variables assumed to be risk factors for suicide behavior, such as proximal life events and stressors or alcohol use disorders. In both samples, comorbidity with organic diseases, the presence of stressful life events in the past 12 months, and a diagnosis of major depression were frequently reported. In conclusion, the presence of low social support and the absence of a pharmacotherapy may increase suicidal behaviors in patients at risk.     

亲子间科技干扰与青少年网络人际关系成瘾：有调节的中介模型

对1353名高中生进行问卷调查,探究亲子间科技干扰与青少年网络人际关系成瘾之间的关系,相对剥夺感的中介作用及内在觉知的调节作用,结果表明：（1）亲子间科技干扰正向预测青少年网络人际关系成瘾;（2）相对剥夺感是亲子间科技干扰与网络人际关系成瘾之间的中介变量;（3）亲子间科技干扰与网络人际关系成瘾的间接效应前半段受到内在觉知的调节。因此,亲子间科技干扰和网络人际关系成瘾之间存在有调节的中介效应。     

Effect of physical stimulation on motor inhibition in children

The effect of physical stimulation on motor inhibition and cognitive performance of 70 third-grade children was examined. 46 subjects participated in a brief, but strenuous obstacle course. Their performance on two motor inhibition tasks, a short-term memory/attentional task, and a test assessing reflectivity was assessed before the stimulation, immediately afterward, and again after a 30-min. delay. A control group (n = 24) received comparable experience without the physical intervention. Physical stimulation facilitated fine motor inhibition at both the immediate and delayed retest. The intervention interfered with an apparent practice effect on the attentional task. No condition effects were noted for gross motor performance or reflectivity, although girls were significantly more reflective at retest. It is proposed that physical stimulation augments certain aspects of inhibitory control in children.     

Test of the violation of local realism in quantum mechanics with no use of Bell's inequalities

A novel and versatile polarization-entanglement scheme is adopted to investigate the violation of the EPR local realism for a non-maximally entangled two-photon system according to the recent nonlocality proof by Lucien Hardy. In this context the adoption of a sophisticated detection method allows direct determination of any element of physical reality (viz., determined with probability equal to unity in the words of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen) for the pair system within complete measurements that are largely insensitive to the detector quantum-efficiencies and noise.     

Detection of stimulus change: The hypothetical roles of visual transient responses

Two random-dot patterns (D1 and D2) were displayed briefly in close temporal succession, separated by an interstimulus interval (ISI). The two patterns were identical except that D2 could contain one more element (addition) or one less element (subtraction) than D1. Observers were required to detect the addition or subtraction using a two-alternative forced-choice method. Three experiments were designed to examine Phillips and Singer’s (1974) suggestion that detection of additions and subtractions can be explained in terms of neural ON and OFF responses. Experiment 1 replicated Phillips and Singer’s finding that performance is progressively impaired as the ISI is increased. In Experiment 2, sudden shifts in luminance between D1 and D2 were combined with several durations of ISI to produce transient responses in a novel manner. Experiment 3 explored the roles of transient neural responses and of configurational changes as determinants of performance. Most predictions based on Phillips and Singer’s model were confirmed by the experimental outcomes. Some discrepancies between theory and data are noted, and directions for further research are suggested.     

损毁下丘脑弓状核、中缝背核和蓝斑对大鼠应激镇痛的影响

本文用不能躲避的间歇脚底电刺激引起大鼠应激,用电刺激鼠尾-嘶叫法测定镇痛效应,研究下丘脑弓状核(脑内β-内啡肽能神经元胞体集中的部位)、中缝背核(脑内5-羟色胺能神经元胞体主要集中的部位之一)和蓝斑(脑内去甲肾上腺素能神经元胞体主要集中的部位之一)与应激镇痛的关系。 用新生大鼠腹腔注射谷氨酸-钠的方法损毁弓状核后,用海人酸和电解两种方法损毁中缝背核或蓝斑后,应激镇痛效应均明显减弱。由于谷氨酸-钠和海人酸只选择性地损毁神经元胞体,故认为脑内的β-内啡肽能神经元、5-羟色胺能神经元和去甲肾上腺素能神经元均参与应激的行为镇痛。